C++多态

学了多态，自己对多态的理解，多态的四个条件虚函数，继承，重写，父类指针指向子类对象

Shape 是基类，Rectangle是子类，Circle也是子类，子类都有面积，Podetium是柱体类，
它有长度，与图形类组合可得到柱体的体积,运用多态实现

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
/*Shape 是基类，Rectangle是子类，Circle也是子类，子类都有面积，Podetium是柱体类，
*它有长度，与图形类组合可得到柱体的体积,运用多态实现
*/
class Shape{//图形类 
protected:
	string colour;
	static int num;//计数
public:
	//构造函数
	Shape(string colour=" ")
	{
		this->colour=colour;
		num++;
	}
	//析构函数
	~Shape(){
		num--;
	}
	//修改颜色
	void setColour(string colour)
	{
		this->colour=colour;
	}
	 int getNum(){
		return num;
	}
	 //纯虚函数
	virtual double getArea()=0;
	//虚函数，多态条件之一
	virtual void print(){
		cout<<"颜色是："<<colour<<endl;
	}
};
int Shape::num=0;//类外赋值
class Rectangle:public Shape{//矩形类，继承多态条件之二
	double longth;
	double wideth;
public:
	Rectangle(double longth=0.0,double wideth=0.0,string colour=" "):Shape(colour){
		this->longth=longth;
		this->wideth=wideth;
	}
	double getArea(){ //多态条件之四，重写
		return longth*wideth;
	}

	void print(){//
		cout<<"长为："<<longth<<" "<<"宽为:"<<wideth<<" "<<"颜色为:"<<colour<<endl;
	}
};
class Circle:public Shape{//圆类
	double radius;//半径
public:
	Circle(double radius=0.0,string colour=" "):Shape(colour){
		this->radius=radius;
	}
	double getArea(){
		return 2*3.14*radius;
	}

	void print(){
		cout<<"半径为："<<radius<<" "<<"颜色为:"<<colour<<endl;
	}
};
class Podetium{//柱体类，
	double highth;
	  
public:
	Shape* s;  //多态条件之三，父类指针指向子类对象
	Podetium(double highth){
		this->highth=highth;
	}
	void setPodetium(Shape* s){
		this->s=s;
	}
	double getVolume(){
		return highth*s->getArea();
	}


};
void main(){
	Rectangle r1(3,4,"red");
	r1.print();
	cout<<"图形的个数:"<<r1.getNum()<<endl;
	cout<<endl;
	
	Circle c1(3.3,"rd");
	c1.print();
	cout<<"图形的个数:"<<c1.getNum()<<endl;
	cout<<endl;

    Podetium p(5.6);
	p.setPodetium(&r1); //多态条件之三，父类指针指向子类对象
	cout<<"图形的体积:"<<p.getVolume()<<endl;
	cout<<endl;
   
	p.setPodetium(&c1);
    p.s->setColour("yellow");
	c1.print();
	cout<<"图形的体积:"<<p.getVolume()<<endl;
	cout<<endl;
	
}