XML之------DOM对XML文档增删改查

用dom对xml文档进行操作实例

可以对xml文档进行增删改查操作

DomDemo1.java

package cn.hncu.dom;

import java.io.File;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

public class DomDemo1 {
	
	@Test //需求:把第一个user节点的name的值取出来
    public void getDom() throws Exception {
		//第一步，通过DocumentBuilderFactory类中的工厂方法等到一个dbf对象
		DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		//第二步,通过dbf对象创建出一个DocumentBuilder对象
		DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
		//第三步,通过db对象创建出一个Document对象
		Document dom = db.parse("./xml4/users.xml");// new File("./xml4/users.xml")
		//System.out.println("dom:"+dom);
		//然后进行dom操作
		Node root= dom.getFirstChild();//根节点
		//System.out.println("root:"+root);
		System.out.println(root.getNodeName());
		System.out.println(root.getFirstChild().getNodeName());
		//上面一句的输出是：#text ----dom中把空白符也看成是一个Node，这种情况对我们的解析通常会造成很大的麻烦
		//※※为解决上面的问题，我们以后解析时尽量不要用Node，而要用Element。因为Element是元素它不包含属性和文字内容(包括空白符),因此可避开空白符的干扰
		
		Element eRoot = (Element)root;
		NodeList list = eRoot.getElementsByTagName("user");
		System.out.println("user元素的数量:"+list.getLength());
		System.out.println("第1个user元素"+list.item(0));//通过item(index)来获取列表中的元素
		System.out.println("第2个user元素"+list.item(1));
		
		Node user1Node = list.item(0);
		Element eUser1 = (Element)user1Node;//要把Node强转成Element，因为Element是子接口，里面有getElementBy*等方法，而Node没有(只能采用childNodes的方式，这种方式会受空白符的干扰)
		NodeList listNames = eUser1.getElementsByTagName("name");
		String nm = listNames.item(0).getNodeName();//name--标签名
		String nmVal = listNames.item(0).getTextContent();//标签内部所包含的文本内容----innerText
		System.out.println(nm+","+nmVal);
		
		//bug::::直接通过dom对象获取其下节点---经测试,无法通过id来获取
		Element ee = dom.getElementById("aa");
		System.out.println("###: "+ee);//null
		
    }
	@Test //需求:把第二个user节点的age值取出来
	public void getAge()throws Exception{
		DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
		Document dom = db.parse("./xml4/users.xml");
		Element root = (Element) dom.getFirstChild();
		Element user2 =(Element) root.getElementsByTagName("user").item(1);
		Element eAge =(Element) user2.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0);
		String age = eAge.getTextContent();
		System.out.println("age:"+age);
	}
	
	//用Java对xml文档进行CRUD---创建，遍历，更新，删除
	//遍历
	@Test
	public void query() throws Exception{
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder db = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
		Document dom = db.parse( new File("./xml4/users.xml") );
		Element root = (Element) dom.getFirstChild();
		NodeList list = root.getElementsByTagName("user");
		for(int i=0;i<list.getLength();i++){
			Element user =(Element) list.item(i);
			String id = user.getAttribute("id");
			String name = user.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0).getTextContent();
			String age = user.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0).getTextContent();
			System.out.println("id:"+id+",name:"+name+",age:"+age);
			System.out.println("-----------------------");
		}
		
	}
	//更新---把最后一个user的年龄+10
	@Test
	public void update() throws Exception{
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder db = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
		Document dom = db.parse( new File("./xml4/users.xml") );
		Element root = (Element) dom.getFirstChild();
		
		//Element eUser = (Element) root.getLastChild();//注意bug：如果最后一个</user>和</users>标签之前有空白符(包括换行)，那么该句获得的节点是空白符
		//System.out.println(root.getLastChild().getNodeName());//#text
		NodeList list =  root.getElementsByTagName("user");
		Element eUser = (Element) list.item(list.getLength()-1);
		Element eAge = (Element) eUser.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0);
		int age = Integer.parseInt(eAge.getTextContent().trim())+10;
		eAge.setTextContent(""+age);
		System.out.println(age);
		
		//把内存中的当前dom对象存储到xml文件
		TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
		Transformer trans = tf.newTransformer();
		trans.transform(new DOMSource(dom), new StreamResult("./xml4/users.xml"));//把xml源 输出到 目标 ---如果目标存在则是更新，否则是创建
	}
	
	//创建 --需求：添加一个新的user
	@Test
	public void create() throws Exception{
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder db = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
		Document dom = db.parse( new File("./xml4/users.xml") );
		Element root = (Element) dom.getFirstChild();

		//创建一个新的user元素
		Element eUserNew = dom.createElement("user");
		eUserNew.setAttribute("id", "C001");
		//创建name和age子元素
		Element eName = dom.createElement("name");
		eName.setTextContent("李四");
		Element eAgeNew = dom.createElement("age");
		eAgeNew.setTextContent("22");
		//把所创建的元素组装成一棵子树,添加到整棵dom树上
		eUserNew.appendChild(eName);
		eUserNew.appendChild(eAgeNew);
		root.appendChild(eUserNew);
		
		//把内存中的当前dom对象存储到xml文件
		TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
		Transformer trans = tf.newTransformer();
		trans.transform(new DOMSource(dom), new StreamResult("./xml4/users.xml"));//把xml源 输出到 目标 ---如果目标存在则是更新，否则是创建
	}
	
	//删除---需求：删除最后一个元素
	@Test
	public void delete() throws Exception{
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder db = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
		Document dom = db.parse( new File("./xml4/users.xml") );
		Element root = (Element) dom.getFirstChild();
		
		//获取将要删除的元素
		NodeList list = root.getElementsByTagName("user");
		Element e = (Element) list.item( list.getLength()-1 );
		e.getParentNode().removeChild(e);
		
		//把内存中的当前dom对象存储到xml文件
		TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
		Transformer trans = tf.newTransformer();
		trans.transform(new DOMSource(dom), new StreamResult("./xml4/users.xml"));
	}
	
}

users.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<users>
    <user id="A001">
       <name>Jack</name>
       <age>25</age>
    </user>
    <user id="A002">
       <name>张三</name>
       <age>80</age>
    </user>
  
  
    <user id="C001">
    	<name>李四</name>
    	<age>32</age>
    </user>
</users>