过滤器和拦截器的实际应用——实现token认证

编程周记

已于 2022-04-03 14:49:23 修改

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文章标签：前端 java spring

于 2021-12-06 21:55:13 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/x18094/article/details/121757203

版权

本文介绍了如何在Spring Boot应用中使用JWT（Json Web Token）实现登录验证，通过Filter过滤器拦截所有请求并检查token有效性，以及使用Interceptor拦截器进行更细粒度的控制。展示了如何配置filter、解析token、设置cookie以及处理认证失败的情况。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

一、过滤器filter

1.登录的时候后台根据用户ID和用户名生成一个带有时效的token

2.前端获取道token，写入cookies

3.前端请求的时候带上token

4.后端解析token，token为空，或者失效视为认证失败！

5.前端统一封装请求，如果是认证失败的，跳回登录页面

涉及工具、方法：

（1）过滤器Filter实现拦截

（2）过滤器注册到spring容器

（3）jjwt实现token生成和解析

（4）/login的地址不拦截

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.1</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.xy.service</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-springboot-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>my-springboot-service</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <!--<scope>runtime</scope>-->
            <!--<optional>true</optional>-->
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--json-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
            <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
            <version>2.3</version>
            <classifier>jdk15</classifier>
        </dependency>
        <!--jwt-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
            <version>0.6.0</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork><!-- 如果没有该配置，热部署的devtools不生效 -->
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

RestfulRequestFilter.java 过滤器

package com.app.service.filter;


import com.app.service.constant.CommonConstant;
import com.app.service.utils.resp.ResponseUtils;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RestfulRequestFilter implements Filter {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public RestfulRequestFilter() {
    }

    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    }

    public void destroy() {
    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)res;
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, GET, OPTIONS,PUT");
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "0");
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type,Content-Length, Authorization, Accept,X-Requested-With");
        response.setHeader("Allow", "GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, TRACE, OPTIONS, PATCH");
        if (request.getMethod().equals("OPTIONS")) {
            response.setStatus(200);
        } else {
            String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
            String urlParams = request.getQueryString();
            String contnetType = request.getContentType();
            if (this.ifNotNeedCheck(url)) {
                chain.doFilter(req, res);
            } else {
                int resultCd = this.checkAccess(request, response);
                String result = "";
                switch(resultCd) {
                    case 0:
                        chain.doFilter(req, res);
                        return;
                    case 1:
                        result = ResponseUtils.error(401,"认证失败！");
                        break;
                    default:
                        result = ResponseUtils.error(401,"认证失败！");

                }

                response.getOutputStream().write(result.getBytes("UTF-8"));
                response.setContentType("text/json; charset=UTF-8");
            }
        }
    }

    private boolean ifNotNeedCheck(String url) {
        String[] acceptUrls = new String[]{"/login"};

        for(int i = 0; i < acceptUrls.length; ++i) {
            if (url.indexOf(acceptUrls[i]) > -1) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    private int checkAccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException {
        String authHeader = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        if (authHeader == null) {
            return 1;
        } else {
            String token = authHeader;
            try {
                JSONObject staffInfoJo = parseToken(token);
                request.setAttribute("userId", staffInfoJo.getString("userId"));
                request.setAttribute("Authorization", authHeader);
                return 0;
            } catch (Exception var6) {
                return 2;
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * 解析token
     * @param token
     * @return
     */
    public static JSONObject parseToken(String token){
        JSONObject staffInfoJo = null;
        try {
            final Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(CommonConstant.SECRET_KEY).
                    parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
            staffInfoJo = JSONObject.fromObject(claims.getSubject());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            final Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey("secretkey")
                    .parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
            staffInfoJo = JSONObject.fromObject(claims.getSubject());
        }
        return staffInfoJo;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JSONObject staffInfojo = new JSONObject();
        staffInfojo.put("userId", "1001");
        staffInfojo.put("userName", "jack");
//        String token = Jwts.builder().setSubject(staffInfojo.toString()).claim("pwd", "hahaha,if you think this is pwd,then you are wrong").setIssuedAt(new Date()).signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, "10000_YEARS_PPM").setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + 2592000000L)).compact();
//        LOG.debug(token);
    }
}

FilterConfig.java 加入spring容器

package com.app.service.config;

import com.app.service.filter.RestfulRequestFilter;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class FilterConfig {
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean(){
        FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        bean.setFilter(new RestfulRequestFilter());
        bean.addUrlPatterns("/*");
        return bean;
    }
}

controller 生成token

String token = JWTUtil.genToken(jsonObject); 
Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>(); 
result.put("token", token) ResponseUtils.success(result);

token工具类

package com.app.service.utils;

import com.app.service.constant.CommonConstant;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * JWT 工具类
 * JSON Web Token (JWT)是一种基于 token 的认证方案
 * 简单的说，JWT就是一种Token的编码算法，服务器端负责根据一个密码和算法生成Token，然后发给客户端，客户端只负责后面每次请求都在HTTP header里面带上这个Token，服务器负责验证这个Token是不是合法的，有没有过期等，并可以解析出subject和claim里面的数据。
 注意：JWT里面的数据是BASE64编码的，没有加密，因此不要放如敏感数据
 
 *
 */
public class JWTUtil {
   
   /**
    * 生成token
    * @param obj
    * @return
    */
   public static String genToken(Object obj){
      String token = Jwts.builder()
      .setSubject(obj.toString()) // 账号
      .claim("pwd", "I'm password")
      .setIssuedAt(new Date())
      .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, CommonConstant.SECRET_KEY)
      .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + 15*1000L)) // token有效期：1天
      .compact();
//    1天  3600*24*1000L
//    1分钟 60*1000L
//    15秒 15*1000L
      return token;
   }
   public static String getExpireToken() throws Exception {
      String expireToken = Jwts.builder()
            .setSubject("exipre account") // 账号
            .claim("pwd", "I'm password")
            .setIssuedAt(new Date())
            .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256,CommonConstant.SECRET_KEY)
            .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() - 5000L)) // 直接失效
            .compact();

      return expireToken;
   }
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		JSONObject staffInfojo = new JSONObject();
		staffInfojo.put("userId", "1001");
		staffInfojo.put("userName", "jack");
//生成一个token，用来测试
		System.out.println(genToken(staffInfojo));
	}
}

controller

package com.xy.service.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
public class TestController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello", produces = "application/json; charset=UTF-8", method = RequestMethod.POST)
//    @AuthIgnore
    public Map<String,Object> queryCustomerList(@RequestHeader("token") String token) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("code","200");
        result.put("msg","成功");
        return result;
    }
}

用 JWTUtil跑出来的测试token，放到header里面，运行

运行成功：

没有传token呢，或者是过期的token就会认证失败

二、拦截器

JWTInterceptor

package com.xy.service.config;


import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.xy.service.constant.CommonConstant;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Slf4j
public class JWTInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter  {


    public static JSONObject parseToken(String token){
        JSONObject staffInfoJo = null;
        try {
            final Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(CommonConstant.SECRET_KEY).
                    parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
            staffInfoJo = JSONObject.fromObject(claims.getSubject());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            final Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey("secretkey")
                    .parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
            staffInfoJo = JSONObject.fromObject(claims.getSubject());
        }
        return staffInfoJo;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

        log.debug("{}",request.getRequestURL());
        if(!(handler instanceof HandlerMethod)) {
            return true;
        }
        AuthIgnore annotation = ((HandlerMethod) handler).getMethodAnnotation(AuthIgnore.class);

        if (annotation != null && !annotation.required()) {
            return true;
        }
        Map<Object, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        String authHeader = request.getHeader("token");
        if (authHeader == null) {
            map.put("msg","token无效！");
        } else {
            String token = authHeader;
            try {
                JSONObject staffInfoJo = parseToken(token);
                request.setAttribute("userId", staffInfoJo.getString("userId"));
                request.setAttribute("Authorization", authHeader);
                map.put("state",true);
                map.put("msg","请求成功");
                return true;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                map.put("msg","token无效！");
            }
        }
        //将 map装换为json ResponseBody底层使用jackson
        String json = new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(map);
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
        response.getWriter().println(json);
        return false;
    }
}

GlobalWebMvcConfig

package com.xy.service.config;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.CorsRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class GlobalWebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    /**
     * 重写父类提供的跨域请求处理的接口
     * @param registry
     */
    @Override
    public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
        // 添加映射路径
 /*       registry.addMapping("/**")
                // 放行哪些原始域
//                .allowedOrigins("*")
                // 是否发送Cookie信息
                .allowCredentials(true)
                // 放行哪些原始域(请求方式)
                .allowedMethods("GET", "POST", "DELETE", "PUT", "OPTIONS", "HEAD")
                // 放行哪些原始域(头部信息)
                .allowedHeaders("*")
                // 暴露哪些头部信息（因为跨域访问默认不能获取全部头部信息）
                .exposedHeaders("Server","Content-Length", "Authorization", "Access-Token", "Access-Control-Allow-Origin","Access-Control-Allow-Credentials");
   */
    }


    /**
     * 添加拦截器
     * @param registry
     */
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        //添加权限拦截器
        registry.addInterceptor(new JWTInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
    }

}

运行，同样的进行token认证

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过滤器和拦截器的实际应用——实现token认证

1.登录的时候后台根据用户ID和用户名生成一个带有时效的token2.前端获取道token，写入cookies3.前端请求的时候带上token4.后端解析token，token为空，或者失效视为认证失败！5.前端统一封装请求，如果是认证失败的，跳回登录页面涉及工具、方法：（1）过滤器Filter实现拦截（2）过滤器注册到spring容器（3）jjwt实现token生成和解析（4）/login的地址不拦截RestfulRequestFilter.java 过..
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