ORACLE中数据字典视图分为3大类, 用前缀区别,分别为:USER,ALL 和 DBA,许多数据字典视图包含相似的信息。
USER_*:有关用户所拥有的对象信息,即用户自己创建的对象信息
ALL_*:有关用户可以访问的对象的信息,即用户自己创建的对象的信息加上其他用户创建的对象但该用户有权访问的信息
DBA_*:有关整个数据库中对象的信息
(这里的*可以为TABLES, INDEXES, OBJECTS, USERS等。
1.查看所有用户:
select * from dba_user;
select * from all_users;
select * from user_users;
2.查看用户系统权限:
select * from dba_sys_privs;
select * from all_sys_privs;
select * from user_sys_privs;
3.查看用户对象权限:
select * from dba_tab_privs;
select * from all_tab_privs;
select * from user_tab_privs;
4.查看所有角色:
select * from dba_roles;
5.查看用户所拥有的角色:
select * from dba_role_privs;
select * from user_role_privs;
6.查看当前用户的缺省表空间
select username,default_tablespace from user_users;
7.查看某个角色的具体权限,如grant connect,resource,create session,create view to TEST;查看RESOURCE具有那些权限,用SELECT * FROM DBA_SYS_PRIVS WHERE GRANTEE='RESOURCE';
例:
限制user1用户只允许100个并发连接
SQL> alter system set resource_limit=true;
System altered
SQL> create profile profile_user1 limit sessions_per_user 100;
Profile created
SQL> ALTER USER user1 profile profile_user1;
User altered
一、权限分类:
系统权限:系统规定用户使用数据库的权限。(系统权限是对用户而言)。
1、系统权限分类:
DBA: 拥有全部特权,是系统最高权限,只有DBA才可以创建数据库结构。
对于DBA管理用户:授予connect,resource, dba权限。
[系统权限只能由DBA用户授出:sys, system(最开始只能是这两个用户)]
授权命令:SQL> grant connect, resource, dba to 用户名1 [,用户名2]...;
SQL> connect system/manager
SQL> Create user user50 identified by user50;
SQL> grant connect, resource to user50;
SQL> select * from dba_role_privs;
SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs;
SQL> select * from role_sys_privs;
增加WITH ADMIN OPTION选项,则得到的权限可以传递。
命令:SQL> Revoke connect, resource from user50;
1、实体权限分类:select, update, insert, alter, index, delete, all //all包括所有权限
execute //执行存储过程权限
SQL> grant select, update, insert on product to user02;
SQL> grant all on product to user02;
SQL> select * from user01.product;
3. 将表的操作权限授予全体用户:
SQL> grant all on product to public; // public表示是所有的用户,这里的all权限不包括drop。
SQL> select owner, table_name from all_tables; // 用户可以查询的表
SQL> select table_name from user_tables; // 用户创建的表
SQL> select grantor, table_schema, table_name, privilege from all_tab_privs; // 获权可以存取的表(被授权的)
SQL> select grantee, owner, table_name, privilege from user_tab_privs; // 授出权限的表(授出的权限)
DBA用户:
SQL> Create table stud02.product(
id number(10),
name varchar2(20));
SQL> drop table stud02.emp;
as
select * from scott.emp;
5. 实体权限传递(with grant option):
user01:
user01:
SQL>Revoke select, update on product from user02; //传递的权限将全部丢失。
一、创建用户的Profile文件
SQL> create profile student limit // student为资源文件名
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 3 //指定锁定用户的登录失败次数
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 5 //指定用户被锁定天数
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 30 //指定口令可用天数
SQL> Create User username
Identified by password
Default Tablespace tablespace
Temporary Tablespace tablespace
Profile profile
Quota integer/unlimited on tablespace;
SQL> Create user acc01
identified by acc01 // 如果密码是数字,请用双引号括起来
default tablespace account
temporary tablespace temp
profile default
quota 50m on account;
SQL> grant connect, resource to acc01;
SQL> select username, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace from dba_users;
SQL> select * from dba_profiles;
资源文件类似表,一旦创建就会保存在数据库中。
SQL> select username, profile, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace from dba_users;
failed_login_attempts 5
idle_time 5;
SQL> Alter user acc01 profile common;
SQL> Alter User 用户名
Identified 口令
Default Tablespace tablespace
Temporary Tablespace tablespace
Profile profile
Quota integer/unlimited on tablespace;
1、修改口令字:
SQL>Alter user acc01 identified by "12345";
SQL> Alter user acc01 default tablespace users;
SQL> Alter user acc01 temporary tablespace temp_data;
SQL> Alter user acc01 password expire;
SQL> Alter user acc01 account lock; // 加锁
SQL> Alter user acc01 account unlock; // 解锁
SQL>drop user 用户名; //用户没有建任何实体
SQL> drop user 用户名 CASCADE; // 将用户及其所建实体全部删除
五、监视用户:
1、查询用户会话信息:
SQL> select username, sid, serial#, machine from v$session;
SQL> Alter system kill session 'sid, serial#';
SQL> select user_name, sql_text from v$open_cursor;
NLS_LANGUAGE= 'SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
NLS_TERRITORY= 'CHINA'
NLS_CURRENCY= 'RMB'
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY= 'CHINA'
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS= '.,'
NLS_CALENDAR= 'GREGORIAN'
NLS_DATE_FORMAT= 'yyyy-mm-dd dy'
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE= 'SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
NLS_SORT= 'BINARY'
TIME_ZONE= '+08:00'
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY = 'RMB'
NLS_TIME_FORMAT = 'HH.MI.SSXFF AM'
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM'
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT = 'HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZH:TZM'
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZH:TZM'
SQL> grant connect, resource, dba to acc01;
Identified by password/ Not Identified;
SQL> Alter Role <role_name> ...
All Except <role_name2> / None