CentOS下LVM的使用：逻辑卷的压缩、创建

给同事要了台centos机器做测试，发现文件系统划分的很不合理，重新调整了下，用到卷组管理知识，记录下。

先看一张LVM示意图：

压缩lv

lvm的体系是：物理磁盘》pv》vg》lv》>文件系统。

• 查看文件系统划分情况，发现/home分的过大

[root@node2 host2]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                       50G  8.1G   39G  18% /
tmpfs                 2.0G   72K  2.0G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1     477M   36M  416M   8% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
                       81G   56M   77G   1% /home

• 压缩home目录对应的文件系统和lv

#卸载文件系统
[root@node2 host2]# umount /home
[root@node2 host2]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                       50G  8.1G   39G  18% /
tmpfs                 2.0G   72K  2.0G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1     477M   36M  416M   8% /boot
#lv预览
[root@node2 host2]# lvs
  LV      VG       Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lv_home VolGroup -wi-a----- 82.33g                                                    
  lv_root VolGroup -wi-ao---- 50.00g                                                    
  lv_swap VolGroup -wi-ao----  3.88g                                                    
#查看详细lv信息
[root@node2 host2]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/VolGroup/lv_root
  LV Name                lv_root
  VG Name                VolGroup
  LV UUID                ivySI2-BcoY-71KH-cMCA-T0dF-iiRi-3rGyF7
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2015-11-25 23:02:07 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                50.00 GiB
  Current LE             12800
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/VolGroup/lv_home
  LV Name                lv_home
  VG Name                VolGroup
  LV UUID                C5lTme-tx5o-1J0N-s3aw-lJA0-pnSi-Kc2Ycz
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2015-11-25 23:02:18 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                82.33 GiB
  Current LE             21077
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:2

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/VolGroup/lv_swap
  LV Name                lv_swap
  VG Name                VolGroup
  LV UUID                ozKe2p-UX6f-9rJ4-gN6z-FfFR-VUjL-uPDxw1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2015-11-25 23:02:36 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                3.88 GiB
  Current LE             992
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:1


#压缩lv对应的文件系统，提示必须做检查   
[root@node2 host2]#  resize2fs /dev/VolGroup/lv_home 10G
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Please run 'e2fsck -f /dev/VolGroup/lv_home' first.

#运行压缩前的检查命令
[root@node2 host2]# e2fsck -f /dev/VolGroup/lv_home
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/VolGroup/lv_home: 11/5398528 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 385850/21582848 blocks
[root@node2 host2]#  resize2fs /dev/VolGroup/lv_home 10G
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/VolGroup/lv_home to 2621440 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup/lv_home is now 2621440 blocks long.

#压缩lv                                                  
[root@node2 host2]# lvreduce -L 10G /dev/VolGroup/lv_home
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 10.00 GiB
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce lv_home? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume VolGroup/lv_home changed from 72.00 GiB (18432 extents) to 10.00 GiB (2560 extents).
  Logical volume lv_home successfully resized
#查看压缩后的lv信息
  [root@node2 host2]# lvs
  LV      VG       Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lv_home VolGroup -wi-a----- 10.00g                                                    
  lv_root VolGroup -wi-ao---- 50.00g                                                    
  lv_swap VolGroup -wi-ao----  3.88g                                                    

#mount文件系统
[root@node2 host2]# mount /dev/VolGroup/lv_home /home

#查看文件系统
[root@node2 host2]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                       50G  8.1G   39G  18% /
tmpfs                 2.0G   72K  2.0G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1     477M   36M  416M   8% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
                      9.8G   36M  9.2G   1% /home

建立一个新的文件系统

#查看vg情况
[root@node2 home]# vgs
  VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree 
  VolGroup   1   3   0 wz--n- 136.21g 72.33g

#在vg上创建一个lv
[root@node2 home]# lvcreate -n lv_u01 -L 10G VolGroup
  Logical volume "lv_u01" created
[root@node2 home]# lvs
  LV      VG       Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lv_home VolGroup -wi-ao---- 10.00g                                                    
  lv_root VolGroup -wi-ao---- 50.00g                                                    
  lv_swap VolGroup -wi-ao----  3.88g                                                    
  lv_u01  VolGroup -wi-a----- 10.00g 

#查看lv                                                   
[root@node2 home]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/VolGroup/lv_root
  LV Name                lv_root
  VG Name                VolGroup
  LV UUID                ivySI2-BcoY-71KH-cMCA-T0dF-iiRi-3rGyF7
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2015-11-25 23:02:07 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                50.00 GiB
  Current LE             12800
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/VolGroup/lv_home
  LV Name                lv_home
  VG Name                VolGroup
  LV UUID                C5lTme-tx5o-1J0N-s3aw-lJA0-pnSi-Kc2Ycz
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2015-11-25 23:02:18 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                10.00 GiB
  Current LE             2560
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:2

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/VolGroup/lv_swap
  LV Name                lv_swap
  VG Name                VolGroup
  LV UUID                ozKe2p-UX6f-9rJ4-gN6z-FfFR-VUjL-uPDxw1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2015-11-25 23:02:36 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                3.88 GiB
  Current LE             992
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:1

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/VolGroup/lv_u01
  LV Name                lv_u01
  VG Name                VolGroup
  LV UUID                JMnf8z-i7vc-XXYT-M8WB-9qHK-rKcQ-2cZFfC
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time node2, 2015-12-30 02:47:09 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                10.00 GiB
  Current LE             2560
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:3

#格式化刚才创建的lv 
[root@node2 home]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/VolGroup/lv_u01
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 2621440 blocks
131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

#挂载文件系统
[root@node2 home]# mount /dev/VolGroup/lv_u01 /u01/app
mount: mount point /u01/app does not exist
[root@node2 home]# cd /
[root@node2 /]# mkdir -p /u01/app
[root@node2 /]# mount /dev/VolGroup/lv_u01 /u01/app
[root@node2 /]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                       50G  8.1G   39G  18% /
tmpfs                 2.0G   72K  2.0G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1     477M   36M  416M   8% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
                      9.8G   36M  9.2G   1% /home
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_u01
                      9.8G   23M  9.2G   1% /u01/app
[root@node2 /]# lvs
  LV      VG       Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lv_home VolGroup -wi-ao---- 10.00g                                                    
  lv_root VolGroup -wi-ao---- 50.00g                                                    
  lv_swap VolGroup -wi-ao----  3.88g                                                    
  lv_u01  VolGroup -wi-ao---- 10.00g                                                    
[root@node2 /]# cd /u01/app
[root@node2 app]# ls
lost+found
[root@node2 app]# 

至此文件创建了一个lv并创建一个文件系统与其对应。