HDU1711 Number Sequence（KMP算法模板题）

Problem Description
Given two sequences of numbers : a[1], a[2], ...... , a[N], and b[1], b[2], ...... , b[M] (1 <= M <= 10000, 1 <= N <= 1000000). Your task is to find a number K which make a[K] = b[1], a[K + 1] = b[2], ...... , a[K + M - 1] = b[M]. If there are more than one K exist, output the smallest one.
Input
The first line of input is a number T which indicate the number of cases. Each case contains three lines. The first line is two numbers N and M (1 <= M <= 10000, 1 <= N <= 1000000). The second line contains N integers which indicate a[1], a[2], ...... , a[N]. The third line contains M integers which indicate b[1], b[2], ...... , b[M]. All integers are in the range of [-1000000, 1000000].
Output
For each test case, you should output one line which only contain K described above. If no such K exists, output -1 instead.
Sample Input
2
13 5
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 3 2 1 2
1 2 3 1 3
13 5
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 3 2 1 2
1 2 3 2 1
Sample Output
6

-1

题意大致是比较两个字符串，判断第二个字符串是否是第一个字符串的子串，是则输出起始的下标否则输出-1。

//KMP算法
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 1111111
long int next[N];
long int p[N],q[N];
long int len_p,len_q;
void getnext(long int *p)
{
	long int i=0,k=-1;
	next[0]=-1;
	while (i<len_p){
		if (k==-1||p[i]==p[k])
			next[++i]=++k;
		else
			k=next[k];
		//printf ("%d %d %d\n",next[i],i,k);
	}
}
int KMP(long int *q,long int *p)
{
	long int i=0,j=0,k;
	getnext(p);
	while (i<len_q&&j<len_p){
		if (j==-1||q[i]==p[j]){
			i++;j++;
		}
		else
			j=next[j];
	}
	if (j==len_p)
		return i-j+1;
	return -1;
}
int main ()
{
	long int i,n,j;
	scanf ("%d",&n);
	while (n--){
		scanf ("%ld%ld",&len_q,&len_p);
		for (i=0;i<len_q;i++)	scanf ("%ld",&q[i]);
		for (i=0;i<len_p;i++)	scanf ("%ld",&p[i]);
		printf ("%ld\n",KMP(q,p));
		memset(p,0,sizeof(p));
		memset(q,0,sizeof(q));
		memset(next,0,sizeof(next));
	}
	return 0;
}

其中next的意义是其数组下标i。对应的长度为i的那部分的字符串的前缀集合和后缀集合的交集的最长元素的长度。

关于KMP算法详见：

如何更好的理解和掌握 KMP 算法? - 海纳的回答 - 知乎https://www.zhihu.com/question/21923021/answer/281346746

KMP算法理解起来是比较难了，代码也不长，建议直接背下来，等以后知识储备量大或者用多了也许就理解了呢