Struts相当于自定义mvc中的action层。
<一>配置文件引入dtd不生效,无提示
1、把Struts-2.5dtd(在Struts-core-2.5.16jar包里/去下载一个2.5的dtd)烤出来本地化
2、找到这个本地化文件(window–>preferences–>xmlCatalog–>add<把本地dtd文件导进去>)–>Key type:URI–>Key:http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd
3、校验:Validate
1. 环境搭建
1.1 jar
1.2 web.xml
用过滤器完成核心业务的处理
过滤器(权限类名Ctrl+Shift+t搜索strutsprepareAndExecuteFilter)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>1009_struts_base</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
1.3 struts-sy.xml
struts.xml(核心配置文件)
struts-base.xml ————这三个文件在conf文件夹里
mappped:映射
2. 开发
2.1 Action
2.1.1 不需要指定父类(ActionSupport)
2.1.2 业务方法的定义
public String xxx();//execute
2.1.3 Action是多例模式(注:在spring中的配置中一定要注意)
Action用来接收参数
2.2 参数赋值
2.2.1 Action中定义属性,并提供get/set方法
userName, getUserName/setUserName
2.2.2 ModelDriven
返回实体,不能为null,不需要提供get/set方法
2.2.3 ModelDriven返回实体和Action中属性重名,ModelDriven中优先级更高
注:ognl,ActionContext学完就知道了
2.3 与J2EE容器交互
2.3.1 非注入
2.3.1.2 耦合
ServletActionContext
2.3.1.2 解耦(建立使用解耦模式)
ActionContext
2.3.2 注入
2.3.2.1 耦合
作业:找出struts2中其它的几个注入接口(XxxAware)
2.3.2.2 解耦
–src
–struts.xml(核心配置文件)
–struts.properties(全局属性文件)
3. 核心文件配置
3.1 includ file 包含文件
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<include file="struts-default.xml"></include>
<include file="struts-base.xml"></include>
<include file="struts-sy.xml"></include>
</struts>
struts-sy.xml的解说(一个模块一个配置文件)
3.2 package 包
name 包名
extends 继承
namespace 虚拟路径
abstract 通常用来被继承
3.3 action 子控制器
name:helloAction,helloAction_*
class 全限定名
method:execute,{1}
注1:动态方法调用,新版本中已禁用,可自行开启或关闭
注2:子控制器的访问路径:名称空间+"/"+子控制器名字_xxx+".action"
3.4 result
name
type:dispatcher|redirect
struts-sy.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<!--
namespace:早内存中划分具体的空间
name:给package包取个名字(可以通过名字来继承)
-->
<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
<action name="helloAction" class="com.xxx.one.web.HelloAction">
<result name="success" >/success.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="calAction_*" class="com.xxx.one.web.CalAction" method="{1}">
<result name="rs" >/rs.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="paramAction" class="com.xxx.one.web.ParamAction">
<result name="rs" >/rs.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="caseAction" class="com.xxx.one.web.CaseAction">
<result name="rs" >/rs.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
struts-base.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /><!--方便你开发调试使用 -->
<constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.i18n.reload" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" /><!--动态方法调用(在stru2.5之前配这个就行,在stru2.5之后还要加上<global-allowed-methods>regex:.*</global-allowed-methods>,不然后面的代码就写不了) -->
<!--抽象包一般定义是为了被继承 -->
<package name="base" extends="struts-default" abstract="true">
<global-allowed-methods>regex:.*</global-allowed-methods><!-- 正则的一个验证 -->
</package>
</struts>
讲课思路:
1、helloAction execute方法
2、CalAction 动态调用
3、参数赋值
uname与实体类的uname值覆盖问题
4、与j2ee容器交互
5、配置文件详细讲解
在helloAction里
web层
public class HelloAction {
public String execute() {
System.out.println("hello struts");
return "success";
}
}
在CalAction里
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.xxx.one.entity.Cal;
public class CalAction implements ModelDriven<Cal>{
private Cal cal=new Cal();
private int rs;//②
public String add() {
rs=Integer.valueOf(cal.getNum1())+Integer.valueOf(cal.getNum2());
// ①ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("rs", rs);
return "rs";
}
public String min() {
rs=Integer.valueOf(cal.getNum1())-Integer.valueOf(cal.getNum2());
// ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("rs", rs);
return "rs";
}
public String mul() {
rs=Integer.valueOf(cal.getNum1())*Integer.valueOf(cal.getNum2());
// ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("rs", rs);
return "rs";
}
public String div() {
rs=Integer.valueOf(cal.getNum1())/Integer.valueOf(cal.getNum2());
// ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("rs", rs);
return "rs";
}
@Override
public Cal getModel() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return cal;
}
public int getRs() {
return rs;
}
public void setRs(int rs) {
this.rs = rs;
}
}
在paramAction里
package com.xxx.one.web;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.xxx.one.entity.Cal;
import com.xxx.one.entity.User;
/**
* 后台子控制器获取jsp所传递的参数的几种形式
* 1、implements ModelDriven<Cal>
* 2、通过set/get获取jsp页面的值(通过类的属性名去.属性)
* 3、通过对象导航的方式获取jsp页面的值
*
*
* 后台子控制器向jsp传递结果的几种形式
* 1、通过传统的作用域传值(与J2EE容器交互)
* ①ServletRequestAware,ServletResponseAware将作用域注入子控制器(注入的耦合,常用)
* ②RequestAware,ServletResponseAware(注入的解耦形式)
* ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute(arg0, arg1)非注入的耦合形式
* ActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute(arg0, arg1)非注入的解耦形式
* 就是需要获取到四大作用域即可(pagecontext,request,session,application)
* 2、通过值栈进行传值
* 只需要在子控制器提供set/get方法即可实现传值的功能(在calAction里)
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class ParamAction implements ServletRequestAware,ServletResponseAware{
private HttpServletResponse resp;
private HttpSession session;
private ServletContext application;
private HttpServletRequest req;
private Cal cal;
private User user;
private String uname;
public String execute() {
System.out.println("uname:"+uname);
System.out.println("cal:"+cal);
System.out.println("user:"+user);
// ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute(arg0, arg1);
return "rs";
}
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
public Cal getCal() {
return cal;
}
public void setCal(Cal cal) {
this.cal = cal;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
@Override
public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.resp=arg0;
}
/*@Override
public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
arg0.get("获取httpservletrequest的全类名");
}*/
@Override
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.req=arg0;
this.session=arg0.getSession();
this.application=arg0.getServletContext();
}
}
在CaseAction里
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.xxx.one.entity.User;
public class CaseAction implements ModelDriven<User>{
private User user=new User();
private String uname;
public String execute() {
System.out.println(user);
System.out.println(uname);
return "rs";
}
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return user;
}
}
在jsp页面里
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>helloword</h4>
<!--使用Struts框架,没有配置跳转方法,那么默认调用execute方法 -->
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/helloAction.action">helloword</a>
<h4>计算器(动态调用)</h4>
<script type="text/javascript">
function doSubmit(methodName){
calForm.action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/calAction_"+methodName+".action"
calForm.submit();
}
</script>
<form action="" id="calForm" name="calForm">
num1:<input type="text" name="num1">
num2:<input type="text" name="num2"><br/>
<input type="button" value="+" onclick="doSubmit('add')">
<input type="button" value="-" onclick="doSubmit('min')">
<input type="button" value="*" onclick="doSubmit('mul')">
<input type="button" value="/" onclick="doSubmit('div')">
</form>
<h4>action与jsp相互传值问题</h4>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/paramAction.action?uname=zhangsan">测试1</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/paramAction.action?uname=zhangsan&&cal.num1=20&&cal.num2=5">测试2</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/paramAction.action?uname=zhangsan&&cal.num1=20&&cal.num2=5&&user.uid=1&&user.uname=lisi">测试3</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/paramAction.action?uname=zhangsan&&cal.num1=20&&cal.num2=5&&user.uid=1">测试4</a>
<h4>值栈与modeldriven接口传值问题</h4>
<!-- 错误代码,因为没用提供user的set/get方法,不能用对象导航的方式获取jsp页面的值 -->
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/caseAction.action?uname=zhangsan&&user.uname=lisi">测试5</a>
</body>
</html>