1 下载并安装MySQL官方的 Yum Repository
wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
使用上面的命令就直接下载了安装用的Yum Repository,大概25KB的样子,然后就可以直接yum安装了。
yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
之后就开始安装MySQL服务器。
yum -y install mysql-community-server
这步可能会花些时间,安装完成后就会覆盖掉之前的mariadb。
至此MySQL就安装完成了,然后是对MySQL的一些设置。
2 MySQL数据库设置
首先启动MySQL
systemctl start mysqld.service
查看MySQL运行状态,运行状态如图:
systemctl status mysqld.service
[root@tian-ke-rui ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-03-03 11:55:48 CST; 1h 20min ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 10820 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 10800 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 10823 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─10823 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Mar 03 11:55:48 tian-ke-rui systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Mar 03 11:55:48 tian-ke-rui systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
此时MySQL已经开始正常运行,不过要想进入MySQL还得先找出此时root用户的密码,通过如下命令可以在日志文件中找出密码:
grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
如下命令进入数据库:
mysql -uroot -p
输入初始密码(是上面图片最后面的 no;e!5>>alfg),此时不能做任何事情,因为MySQL默认必须修改密码之后才能操作数据库:
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password';
其中‘new password’替换成你要设置的密码,注意:密码设置必须要大小写字母数字和特殊符号(,/';:等),不然不能配置成功
如果要修改为root这样的弱密码,需要进行以下配置:
查看密码策略
show variables like '%password%';
修改密码策略
vi /etc/my.cnf
添加validate_password_policy配置
选择0(LOW),1(MEDIUM),2(STRONG)其中一种,选择2需要提供密码字典文件
#添加validate_password_policy配置 validate_password_policy=0 #关闭密码策略 validate_password = off
重启mysql服务使配置生效
systemctl restart mysqld
然后就可以修改为弱密码啦
3 开启mysql的远程访问
执行以下命令开启远程访问限制(注意:下面命令开启的IP是 192.168.0.1,如要开启所有的,用%代替IP):
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'new password' with grant option;
然后再输入下面两行命令
flush privileges;
exit;
4 为iptables添加开放端口
添加mysql端口3306
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3690 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
然后再重新载入
systemctl restart iptables.service
5 修改mysql的字符编码(不修改会产生中文乱码问题)
显示原来编码:
show variables like '%character%';
mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
重启数据库
# systemctl restart mysqld.service