Linux环境下YUM和DNF详细介绍

类别	介绍	最新相同版本
RHEL	RedHat Enterprise Linux操作系统	RHEL8.5	4.18.0-348
CentOS	源于RHEL依照开放源代码协定所释放的源代码编译而成（最近，传闻CentOS将沦落为RHEL和Fedora之间的过渡产品）	CentOS8-20220215	4.18.0-365
OEL	Oracle Enterprice Linux，源于RHEL操作系统，是Oracle公司专门针对Oracle自有的软件和硬件产品进行了大量优化而成	OEL8.5	4.18.0-348
Fedora	Redhat公司赞助，Fedora项目社区开发，可以理解其实RHEL的上游源码平台或者测试平台	/	/

注：如上表，Fedora主要使用者为Linux爱好者，而在企业级应用中，通常使用RHEL、CentOS、OEL较为普遍，具体到Oracle的中间件、数据库系统的使用，建议使用OEL最佳。

具体到使用过程、命令等，RHEL、CentOS、OEL三者并无区别。

2、YUM和DNF对比

前提：以Oracle Enterprice Linux 8.5为环境，进行以下所有操作，如无特别说明，以下操作同样适用在Linux 7版本。

2.1软件版本对比

如下图，在同一个操作系统下面，DNF和YUM的版本相同，而且软件包的名字竟然都是DNF。

如此，我们也可以侧面确认，在Linux8之后，DNF是代替了YUM，但是YUM依然可以正常使用。

2.2帮助内容对比

2.2.1 DNF帮助命令的输出

[root@oracle21c ~]# dnf --help

usage: dnf [options] COMMAND

List of Main Commands:

alias List or create command aliases

autoremove remove all unneeded packages that were originally installed as dependencies

check check for problems in the packagedb

check-update check for available package upgrades

clean remove cached data

deplist [deprecated, use repoquery --deplist] List package's dependencies and what packages provide them

distro-sync synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions

downgrade Downgrade a package

group display, or use, the groups information

help display a helpful usage message

history display, or use, the transaction history

info display details about a package or group of packages

install install a package or packages on your system

list list a package or groups of packages

makecache generate the metadata cache

mark mark or unmark installed packages as installed by user.

module Interact with Modules.

provides find what package provides the given value

reinstall reinstall a package

remove remove a package or packages from your system

repolist display the configured software repositories

repoquery search for packages matching keyword

repository-packages run commands on top of all packages in given repository

search search package details for the given string

shell run an interactive DNF shell

swap run an interactive DNF mod for remove and install one spec

updateinfo display advisories about packages

upgrade upgrade a package or packages on your system

upgrade-minimal upgrade, but only 'newest' package match which fixes a problem that affects your system

List of Plugin Commands:

builddep Install build dependencies for package or spec file

changelog Show changelog data of packages

config-manager manage dnf configuration options and repositories

copr Interact with Copr repositories.

debug-dump dump information about installed rpm packages to file

debug-restore restore packages recorded in debug-dump file

debuginfo-install install debuginfo packages

download Download package to current directory

groups-manager create and edit groups metadata file

needs-restarting determine updated binaries that need restarting

playground Interact with Playground repository.

repoclosure Display a list of unresolved dependencies for repositories

repodiff List differences between two sets of repositories

repograph Output a full package dependency graph in dot format

repomanage Manage a directory of rpm packages

reposync download all packages from remote repo

General DNF options:

-c [config file], --config [config file]

config file location

-q, --quiet quiet operation

-v, --verbose verbose operation

--version show DNF version and exit

--installroot [path] set install root

--nodocs do not install documentations

--noplugins disable all plugins

--enableplugin [plugin]

enable plugins by name

--disableplugin [plugin]

disable plugins by name

--releasever RELEASEVER

override the value of $releasever in config and repo

files

--setopt SETOPTS set arbitrary config and repo options

--skip-broken resolve depsolve problems by skipping packages

-h, --help, --help-cmd

show command help

--allowerasing allow erasing of installed packages to resolve

dependencies

-b, --best try the best available package versions in

transactions.

--nobest do not limit the transaction to the best candidate

-C, --cacheonly run entirely from system cache, don't update cache

-R [minutes], --randomwait [minutes]

maximum command wait time

-d [debug level], --debuglevel [debug level]

debugging output level

--debugsolver dumps detailed solving results into files

--showduplicates show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands

-e ERRORLEVEL, --errorlevel ERRORLEVEL

error output level

--obsoletes enables dnf's obsoletes processing logic for upgrade

or display capabilities that the package obsoletes for

info, list and repoquery

--rpmverbosity [debug level name]

debugging output level for rpm

-y, --assumeyes automatically answer yes for all questions

--assumeno automatically answer no for all questions

--enablerepo [repo] Enable additional repositories. List option. Supports

globs, can be specified multiple times.

--disablerepo [repo] Disable repositories. List option. Supports globs, can

be specified multiple times.

--repo [repo], --repoid [repo]

enable just specific repositories by an id or a glob,

can be specified multiple times

--enable enable repos with config-manager command

(automatically saves)

--disable disable repos with config-manager command

(automatically saves)

-x [package], --exclude [package], --excludepkgs [package]

exclude packages by name or glob

--disableexcludes [repo], --disableexcludepkgs [repo]

disable excludepkgs

--repofrompath [repo,path]

label and path to an additional repository to use

(same path as in a baseurl), can be specified multiple

times.

--noautoremove disable removal of dependencies that are no longer

used

--nogpgcheck disable gpg signature checking (if RPM policy allows)

--color COLOR control whether color is used

--refresh set metadata as expired before running the command

-4 resolve to IPv4 addresses only

-6 resolve to IPv6 addresses only

--destdir DESTDIR, --downloaddir DESTDIR

set directory to copy packages to

--downloadonly only download packages

--comment COMMENT add a comment to transaction

--bugfix Include bugfix relevant packages, in updates

--enhancement Include enhancement relevant packages, in updates

--newpackage Include newpackage relevant packages, in updates

--security Include security relevant packages, in updates

--advisory ADVISORY, --advisories ADVISORY

Include packages needed to fix the given advisory, in

updates

--bz BUGZILLA, --bzs BUGZILLA

Include packages needed to fix the given BZ, in

updates

--cve CVES, --cves CVES

Include packages needed to fix the given CVE, in

updates

--sec-severity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}, --secseverity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}

Include security relevant packages matching the

severity, in updates

--forcearch ARCH Force the use of an architecture

2.2.2 YUM帮助命令的输出

[root@oracle21c ~]# yum --help

usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Main Commands:

alias List or create command aliases

autoremove remove all unneeded packages that were originally installed as dependencies

check check for problems in the packagedb

check-update check for available package upgrades

clean remove cached data

deplist [deprecated, use repoquery --deplist] List package's dependencies and what packages provide them

distro-sync synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions

downgrade Downgrade a package

group display, or use, the groups information

help display a helpful usage message

history display, or use, the transaction history

info display details about a package or group of packages

install install a package or packages on your system

list list a package or groups of packages

makecache generate the metadata cache

mark mark or unmark installed packages as installed by user.

module Interact with Modules.

provides find what package provides the given value

reinstall reinstall a package

remove remove a package or packages from your system

repolist display the configured software repositories

repoquery search for packages matching keyword

repository-packages run commands on top of all packages in given repository

search search package details for the given string

shell run an interactive YUM shell

swap run an interactive YUM mod for remove and install one spec

updateinfo display advisories about packages

upgrade upgrade a package or packages on your system

upgrade-minimal upgrade, but only 'newest' package match which fixes a problem that affects your system

List of Plugin Commands:

builddep Install build dependencies for package or spec file

changelog Show changelog data of packages

config-manager manage yum configuration options and repositories

copr Interact with Copr repositories.

debug-dump dump information about installed rpm packages to file

debug-restore restore packages recorded in debug-dump file

debuginfo-install install debuginfo packages

download Download package to current directory

groups-manager create and edit groups metadata file

needs-restarting determine updated binaries that need restarting

playground Interact with Playground repository.

repoclosure Display a list of unresolved dependencies for repositories

repodiff List differences between two sets of repositories

repograph Output a full package dependency graph in dot format

repomanage Manage a directory of rpm packages

reposync download all packages from remote repo

General YUM options:

-c [config file], --config [config file]

config file location

-q, --quiet quiet operation

-v, --verbose verbose operation

--version show YUM version and exit

--installroot [path] set install root

--nodocs do not install documentations

--noplugins disable all plugins

--enableplugin [plugin]

enable plugins by name

--disableplugin [plugin]

disable plugins by name

--releasever RELEASEVER

override the value of $releasever in config and repo

files

--setopt SETOPTS set arbitrary config and repo options

--skip-broken resolve depsolve problems by skipping packages

-h, --help, --help-cmd

show command help

--allowerasing allow erasing of installed packages to resolve

dependencies

-b, --best try the best available package versions in

transactions.

--nobest do not limit the transaction to the best candidate

-C, --cacheonly run entirely from system cache, don't update cache

-R [minutes], --randomwait [minutes]

maximum command wait time

-d [debug level], --debuglevel [debug level]

debugging output level

--debugsolver dumps detailed solving results into files

--showduplicates show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands

-e ERRORLEVEL, --errorlevel ERRORLEVEL

error output level

--obsoletes enables yum's obsoletes processing logic for upgrade

or display capabilities that the package obsoletes for

info, list and repoquery

--rpmverbosity [debug level name]

debugging output level for rpm

-y, --assumeyes automatically answer yes for all questions

--assumeno automatically answer no for all questions

--enablerepo [repo] Enable additional repositories. List option. Supports

globs, can be specified multiple times.

--disablerepo [repo] Disable repositories. List option. Supports globs, can

be specified multiple times.

--repo [repo], --repoid [repo]

enable just specific repositories by an id or a glob,

can be specified multiple times

--enable enable repos with config-manager command

(automatically saves)

--disable disable repos with config-manager command

(automatically saves)

-x [package], --exclude [package], --excludepkgs [package]

exclude packages by name or glob

--disableexcludes [repo], --disableexcludepkgs [repo]

disable excludepkgs

--repofrompath [repo,path]

label and path to an additional repository to use

(same path as in a baseurl), can be specified multiple

times.

--noautoremove disable removal of dependencies that are no longer

used

--nogpgcheck disable gpg signature checking (if RPM policy allows)

--color COLOR control whether color is used

--refresh set metadata as expired before running the command

-4 resolve to IPv4 addresses only

-6 resolve to IPv6 addresses only

--destdir DESTDIR, --downloaddir DESTDIR

set directory to copy packages to

--downloadonly only download packages

--comment COMMENT add a comment to transaction

--bugfix Include bugfix relevant packages, in updates

--enhancement Include enhancement relevant packages, in updates

--newpackage Include newpackage relevant packages, in updates

--security Include security relevant packages, in updates

--advisory ADVISORY, --advisories ADVISORY

Include packages needed to fix the given advisory, in

updates

--bz BUGZILLA, --bzs BUGZILLA

Include packages needed to fix the given BZ, in

updates

--cve CVES, --cves CVES

Include packages needed to fix the given CVE, in

updates

--sec-severity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}, --secseverity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}

Include security relevant packages matching the

severity, in updates

--forcearch ARCH Force the use of an architecture

[root@oracle21c ~]#

2.2.3对比结论

从上面DNF和YUM帮助命令的输出可以看出，两者的区别很小，使用方法大致相同，常用命令并无区别。

2.3软件仓库对比

前提：创建/mount目录，把光盘镜像文件挂载在这个目录。然后在/etc/yum.repo.d/目录下移除所有系统自带YUM/DNF源（软件仓库）配置文件，创建本地YUM/DNF源（软件仓库）配置文件（后面章节详细介绍）。

如下图，DNF和YUM命令所列出的YUM/DNF源相同。

如下图，清除缓存中的RPM软件包列表，重新获取缓存，YUM和DNF的操作相同，结果也相同。

如下图，我们把YUM/DNF源配置文件移除，清除缓存之后，YUM/DNF都无法获取软件仓库源的配置文件信息。

如此，我们可以确认，DNF在软件仓库方面的配置和使用，和YUM并无任何区别。

2.4安装软件对比

2.4.1 YUM命令安装VSFTPD

2.4.2 DNF命令安装VSFTPD

前提，使用YUM命令卸载软件包。

2.4.3对比结论

如上面YUM和DNF命令输出结果来看，没有任何差别。

2.5 DNF的优势

DNF使用C语言库hawkey进行软件包依赖关系解析，从而大幅度提升包管理操作效率
DNF降低了内存消耗，从而提升用户体验。
DNF如果配置和启用的库没有响应，DNF将跳过它并使用可用的repos继续事务，而不会像YUM，如果配置库不可用，YUM将立即停止工作。

2.6 DNF的不足

DNF 包管理器作为 YUM 包管理器的升级替代品，它能自动完成更多的操作，但不足之处还是有的，举例如下：

在 DNF 中没有 –skip-broken 命令，并且没有替代命令供选择。
在 DNF 中没有判断哪个包提供了指定依赖的 resolvedep 命令。
在 DNF 中没有用来列出某个软件依赖包的 deplist 命令。
当你在 DNF 中排除了某个软件库，那么该操作将会影响到你之后所有的操作，不像在 YUM 下那样，你的排除操作只会咋升级和安装软件时才起作用。

3、YUM/DNF命令详解

前提：下面的内容主要体现DNF命令操作，如无特别说明，YUM命令同样适用。

查看系统中可用的软件仓库

# dnf repolist

查看系统中可用和不可用的所有的软件仓库

# dnf repolist all

列出软件仓库中的所有RPM软件包

# dnf list

列出软件仓库中所有已安装的 RPM软件包

# dnf list installed

列出软件仓库中所有可供安装的RPM软件包

# dnf list available

搜索软件仓库中的RPM软件包

# dnf search vsftpd

查找某一文件的提供者

# dnf provides vsftpd

查看软件包详情

# dnf info vsftpd

安装软件包及其依赖的其他软件包

# dnf install vsftpd

# dnf install vsftpd -y

删除软件包

# dnf remove vsftpd

删除无用孤立的软件包

# dnf autoremove

删除缓存的无用软件包

# dnf clean all

获取有关某条命令的使用帮助

# dnf help clean

获取软件仓库中的软件包列表到缓存中

# dnf makecache

更新软件仓库中的软件包列表

# dnf check- update

查看 DNF 命令的执行历史

# dnf history

查看所有的软件包组

# dnf grouplist

安装一个软件包组

# dnf groupinstall ‘System Tools’

# dnf groupinstall ‘System Tools’ -y

卸载一个软件包组

# dnf groupremove ‘System Tools’

# dnf groupremove ‘System Tools’ -y

从特定的软件包库安装特定的软件

# dnf -enablerepo=epel install vsftpd

重新安装特定软件包

# dnf reinstall vsftpd

更新系统中所有需要更新的包

# dnf update

更新一个特定的软件包

# dnf update vsftpd

列出所有命令及其用途

# dnf help

4、配置软件仓库

默认情况下，RHEL、CentOS、OEL的7和8版本系统下，YUM/DNF软件仓库的配置文件都存放在/etc/yum.repo.d/目录下，以repo作为后缀。

4.1网络软件仓库

如果你的系统可以连接互联网，那软件仓库的配置就可以使用网络上的一些免费软件仓库资源进行配置。

以某云为例。

基于CentOS系统请访问：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/centos
基于CentOS 9-stream系统请访问：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-stream/
基于Fedora系统请访问：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/fedora
基于OEL的支持有限，仅提供操作系统镜像文件的下载，请访问：

https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/oracle

下面简单介绍配置软件仓库方法如下。

在/etc/yum.repo.d/下把默认的repo文件删除或者备份到其他目录。
从云上下载对应版本的repo文件到/etc/yum.repo.d/目录下。

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

使用yum makecache生成缓存。
在本地系统运行YUM命令进行软件包的操作即可。

网络软件仓库的使用虽然不用自己准备系统镜像文件，但是相对麻烦，而且会受到网速的影响较大。

4.2本地软件仓库

使用系统镜像文件或者系统光盘，挂载到目录，然后创建YUM/DNF软件仓库，可以暂时使用。

也可以将系统镜像文件拷贝到系统之中，然后挂载到目录之后，设置系统开机自动挂载，可以长期使用。

确定镜像文件或者系统光盘的设备文件。

比如：/dev/sr0

# mkdir /mount

# mount /dev/sr0 /mount

如下图所示，为OEL8.5系统镜像根目录（RHEL和centOS同版本目录和此相同）。

如下图所示，为OEL7.9系统镜像根目录（RHEL和centOS同版本目录和此相同）。

创建备份目录，把/etc/yum.repo.d/目录下repo文件移动到其中。
创建新的repo文件，内容如下。

如上图所示，依旧以OEL8.5系统软件仓库创建为例。
使用yum makecache生成软件包列表缓存。

4.3内网软件仓库服务器

当你作为一个网络管理员的时候，如果网络内Linux系统数量较多，每个系统需要安装或者更新软件包的时候，都需要你去配置本地软件仓库，那将会是很麻烦的事情。

而且，往往网络内的很多系统是不允许访问互联网的，这个时候，创建一个内网的网络软件仓库服务器将会变的很有必要。

下面，依旧以OEL8.5为环境，详解创建过程。

依照“本地软件仓库”章节内容，创建本地软件仓库。
使用yum install httpd -y命令安装httpd软件包。

# yum install httpd -y

Last metadata expiration check: 2:27:20 ago on Sat 19 Feb 2022 03:19:18 PM CST.

Dependencies resolved.

=====================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repo Size

=====================================================================================

Installing:

httpd x86_64 2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e0c271 Appstream 1.4 M

Installing dependencies:

apr x86_64 1.6.3-12.el8 Appstream 129 k

apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 Appstream 105 k

httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e0c271 Appstream 39 k

httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e0c271 Appstream 106 k

mailcap noarch 2.1.48-3.el8 base 39 k

mod_http2 x86_64 1.15.7-3.module+el8.4.0+20024+b87b2deb Appstream 154 k

oracle-logos-httpd

noarch 84.5-1.0.1.el8 base 29 k

Installing weak dependencies:

apr-util-bdb x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 Appstream 24 k

apr-util-openssl x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 Appstream 27 k

Enabling module streams:

httpd 2.4

Transaction Summary

=====================================================================================

Install 10 Packages

Total size: 2.0 M

Installed size: 5.5 M

Downloading Packages:

Running transaction check

Transaction check succeeded.

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded.

Running transaction

Preparing : 1/1

Installing : apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64 1/10

Running scriptlet: apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64 1/10

Installing : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 2/10

Installing : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 3/10

Installing : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/10

Running scriptlet: apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/10

Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e0c271 5/10

Running scriptlet: httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e 6/10

Installing : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e 6/10

Installing : oracle-logos-httpd-84.5-1.0.1.el8.noarch 7/10

Installing : mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch 8/10

Installing : mod_http2-1.15.7-3.module+el8.4.0+20024+b87b2deb.x86_64 9/10

Installing : httpd-2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e0c271.x86_6 10/10

Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e0c271.x86_6 10/10

Verifying : mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch 1/10

Verifying : oracle-logos-httpd-84.5-1.0.1.el8.noarch 2/10

Verifying : apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64 3/10

Verifying : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/10

Verifying : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 5/10

Verifying : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 6/10

Verifying : httpd-2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e0c271.x86_6 7/10

Verifying : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e 8/10

Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e0c271 9/10

Verifying : mod_http2-1.15.7-3.module+el8.4.0+20024+b87b2deb.x86_64 10/10

Installed:

apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64

apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64

apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64

apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64

httpd-2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e0c271.x86_64

httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e0c271.noarch

httpd-tools-2.4.37-41.0.1.module+el8.5.0+20323+c8e0c271.x86_64

mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch

mod_http2-1.15.7-3.module+el8.4.0+20024+b87b2deb.x86_64

oracle-logos-httpd-84.5-1.0.1.el8.noarch

Complete!

启动并查看HTTPD服务。

查看本机地址，并在客户端进行测试，确定http服务器配置没有问题。

在http服务根目录创建/var/www/html/OEL8目录，并拷贝/mount下系统镜像文件中内容到/var/www/html/OEL8/下。

默认情况下，http服务的根目录在/var/www/html/

在客户端测试访问http://192.168.31.101/OEL85，确定可以访问系统镜像文件内容。

在客户端配置软件仓库文件。

如下图所示，baseurl地址为内网所创建的http服务器地址以及系统镜像文件的拷目录。

使用yum makecache生成软件包列表缓存。

依照上述步骤，我们可以在一台http服务器中，把内网常用的各版本LINUX系统镜像文件进行相同操作。然后在Linux客户端依据实际系统版本进行相应配置。

4.4各系统本地软件仓库配置源文件

4.4.1 OEL8及以上版本

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base-yum.repo

[base]

name=oel85-yum

baseurl=file:///mount/BaseOS

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

[Appstream]

name=oel85-yum-app

baseurl= file:///mount/AppStream

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

4.4.2 OEL7.9及以下版本

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base-yum.repo

[base]

name=oel79

baseurl= file:///mount/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

4.4.3 RHEL8及以上版本

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base-yum.repo

[base]

name=RHEL8-yum

baseurl=file:///mount/BaseOS

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[Appstream]

name=RHEL8-yum-app

baseurl= file:///mount/AppStream

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY- redhat-release

4.4.4 RHEL7.9及以下版本

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base-yum.repo

[base]

name=rhel79

baseurl= file:///mount/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

4.4.5 CentOS8及以上版本

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base-yum.repo

[base]

name=centos-yum

baseurl=file:///mount/BaseOS

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos-8

[Appstream]

name= centos -yum-app

baseurl= file:///mount/AppStream

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY- centos-8

4.4.6 CentOS7.9及以下版本

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base-yum.repo

[base]

name=centos

baseurl= file:///mount/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos-7

4,5各系统内网软件仓库配置源文件

以下内容红色部分根据实际情况进行调整。

4.5.1 OEL8及以上版本

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base-yum.repo

[base]

name=oel85-yum

baseurl=http://192.168.31.101/OEL85/BaseOS

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

[Appstream]

name=oel85-yum-app

baseurl= http://192.168.31.101/OEL85/AppStream

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

4.5.2 OEL7.9及以下版本

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base-yum.repo

[base]

name=oel79

baseurl= http://192.168.31.101/OEL79/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

4.5.3 RHEL8及以上版本

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base-yum.repo

[base]

name=RHEL8-yum

baseurl=http://192.168.31.101/RHEL85/BaseOS

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[Appstream]

name=RHEL8-yum-app

baseurl= http://192.168.31.101/RHEL85/AppStream

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY- redhat-release

4.5.4 RHEL7.9及以下版本

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base-yum.repo

[base]

name=rhel79

baseurl= http://192.168.31.101/RHEL79/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

4.5.5 CentOS8及以上版本

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base-yum.repo

[base]

name=centos-yum

baseurl=http://192.168.31.101/centos/BaseOS

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos-8

[Appstream]

name= centos -yum-app

baseurl= http://192.168.31.101/centos/AppStream

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY- centos-8

4.5.6 CentOS7.9及以下版本

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base-yum.repo

[base]

name=centos

baseurl= http://192.168.31.101/centos/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos-7

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Linux环境下YUM和DNF详细介绍

本文档详细介绍在Linux环境下，软件包管理程序YUM和DNF的使用配置。文中物理环境为VMware workstation Pro 16.1。
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专栏目录

Linux环境下YUM和DNF详细介绍

1、基础概念

1.1 YUM介绍

1.2 DNF介绍

1.3常用Linux版本介绍

2、YUM和DNF对比

2.1软件版本对比

2.2帮助内容对比

2.2.1 DNF帮助命令的输出

2.2.2 YUM帮助命令的输出

2.2.3对比结论

2.3软件仓库对比

2.4安装软件对比

2.4.1 YUM命令安装VSFTPD

2.5 DNF的优势

2.6 DNF的不足

3、YUM/DNF命令详解

4、配置软件仓库

4.1网络软件仓库

4.2本地软件仓库

4.3内网软件仓库服务器

4.4各系统本地软件仓库配置源文件

4.4.1 OEL8及以上版本

4.4.2 OEL7.9及以下版本

4.4.3 RHEL8及以上版本

4.4.4 RHEL7.9及以下版本

4.4.5 CentOS8及以上版本

4.4.6 CentOS7.9及以下版本

4,5各系统内网软件仓库配置源文件

4.5.1 OEL8及以上版本

4.5.2 OEL7.9及以下版本

4.5.3 RHEL8及以上版本

4.5.4 RHEL7.9及以下版本

4.5.5 CentOS8及以上版本

4.5.6 CentOS7.9及以下版本

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