Tomcat简介
是基于apache软件基金会的jakarta项目中的一个核心项目
tomcat是一个server和jsp容器，主要处理动态HTML，处理静态HTML能力不如nginx/apache服务器
tomcat安装
- 安装java
[root@test01 ~]# yum install java-1.8.0
[root@test01 ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_312"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_312-b07)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.312-b07, mixed mode)
-
下载tomcat
-
安装tomcat
[root@test01 ~]# mkdir /data/soft
[root@test01 ~]# cd /data/soft/
[root@test01 soft]# ll
total 10336
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10581990 Nov 24 06:36 apache-tomcat-8.5.73.tar.gz
[root@test01 soft]# tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-8.5.73.tar.gz -C /opt/
[root@test01 opt]# ln -sf apache-tomcat-8.5.73 tomcat
[root@test01 opt]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 220 Nov 24 06:38 apache-tomcat-8.5.73
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Nov 24 06:39 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-8.5.73
#查看目录结构
[root@test01 opt]# tree -L 1 tomcat
tomcat
├── bin #启动关闭tomcat的脚本
├── BUILDING.txt
├── conf #配置tomcat的配置文件
├── CONTRIBUTING.md
├── lib #存放web应用能访问的jar包
├── LICENSE
├── logs #tomcat日志
├── NOTICE
├── README.md
├── RELEASE-NOTES
├── RUNNING.txt
├── temp
├── webapps #类似nginx的站点目录
└── work #用以产生有jsp编译出的servlet的.java和.class文件
#webapps目录
[root@test01 opt]# cd tomcat/webapps/
[root@test01 webapps]# ls
docs examples host-manager manager ROOT
[root@test01 webapps]# ll
total 4
drwxr-x---. 15 root root 4096 Nov 24 06:38 docs #说明文件
drwxr-x---. 7 root root 99 Nov 24 06:38 examples #示例页面
drwxr-x---. 6 root root 79 Nov 24 06:38 host-manager #管理页面
drwxr-x---. 6 root root 114 Nov 24 06:38 manager #管理页面
drwxr-x---. 3 root root 223 Nov 24 06:38 ROOT #默认网站的根目录
#bin目录
[root@test01 webapps]# cd ../bin/
[root@test01 bin]# ll
total 876
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 36412 Nov 11 21:14 bootstrap.jar
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 16840 Nov 11 21:14 catalina.bat
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 25294 Nov 11 21:14 catalina.sh #核心管理脚本，以后jvm优化参数以及相关配置，修改tomcat启动参数
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 1664 Nov 11 21:14 catalina-tasks.xml
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2123 Nov 11 21:14 ciphers.bat
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 1997 Nov 11 21:14 ciphers.sh
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 25357 Nov 11 21:14 commons-daemon.jar
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 207420 Nov 11 21:14 commons-daemon-native.tar.gz
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2040 Nov 11 21:14 configtest.bat
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 1922 Nov 11 21:14 configtest.sh
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 9100 Nov 11 21:14 daemon.sh
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2091 Nov 11 21:14 digest.bat
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 1965 Nov 11 21:14 digest.sh
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 3460 Nov 11 21:14 setclasspath.bat
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 3708 Nov 11 21:14 setclasspath.sh
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2020 Nov 11 21:14 shutdown.bat
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 1902 Nov 11 21:14 shutdown.sh #停止tomcat
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2022 Nov 11 21:14 startup.bat
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 1904 Nov 11 21:14 startup.sh #启动tomcat
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 51182 Nov 11 21:14 tomcat-juli.jar
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 428057 Nov 11 21:14 tomcat-native.tar.gz
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 4574 Nov 11 21:14 tool-wrapper.bat
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 5540 Nov 11 21:14 tool-wrapper.sh
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2026 Nov 11 21:14 version.bat
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 1908 Nov 11 21:14 version.sh
- 启动tomcat
[root@test01 bin]# sh startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /opt/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
测试访问
tomcat配置文件介绍
- server.xml
[root@test01 conf]# cat server.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
-->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> #开启8005端口作用的关闭tomcat，telnet连接tomcat输入SHUTDOWN就可以关闭你的tomcat
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
<!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
-->
<!-- APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
<!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
<!-- Global JNDI resources
Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
-->
<GlobalNamingResources>
<!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
-->
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
description="User database that can be updated and saved"
factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources>
<!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
-->
<Service name="Catalina">
<!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
<!--
<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
-->
<!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
and responses are returned. Documentation at :
Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
-->
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" #设定页面访问端口
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
<!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
<!--
<Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
-->
<!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the
AprLifecycleListener.
Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
-->
<!--
<Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true">
<SSLHostConfig>
<Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks"
type="RSA" />
</SSLHostConfig>
</Connector>
-->
<!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses
OpenSSL for TLS.
Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style
configuration is used below.
-->
<!--
<Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" >
<UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
<SSLHostConfig>
<Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem"
certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem"
certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem"
type="RSA" />
</SSLHostConfig>
</Connector>
-->
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<!--
<Connector protocol="AJP/1.3"
address="::1"
port="8009"
redirectPort="8443" />
-->
<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->
<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
-->
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> #引擎，defaultHost可以配置域名
<!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
/docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to)
/docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
<!--
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
-->
<!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
via a brute-force attack -->
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits
that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
available for use by the Realm. -->
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" #相当于nginx的server标签，appBase相当于站点根目录，尽量把webapps下的东西都移走
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> #unpackWARs和autoDeploy自动解压jar包和自动上线
<!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
<!--
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
-->
<!-- Access log processes all example.
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> #日志相关内容
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
部署一个简单的界面
- 将war包放入/opt/tomcat/webapps目录下
[root@test01 webapps]# pwd
/opt/tomcat/webapps
[root@test01 webapps]# ls
memtest.war ROOT
[root@test01 webapps]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 643 Nov 24 21:58 memtest.war
- memtest.war包会被tomcat自动解压和部署
[root@test01 webapps]# ll
total 4
drwxr-x---. 3 root root 41 Nov 24 21:58 memtest
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 643 Nov 24 21:58 memtest.war
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 6 Nov 24 21:49 ROOT
- 访问测试
部署jpress
- 将jpress-web-newest.war包放入/opt/tomcat/webapps下就会自动解压部署
[root@test01 webapps]# mv jpress-web-newest.war jpress.war
[root@test01 webapps]# ll
total 20312
drwxr-x---. 7 root root 102 Nov 24 22:07 jpress
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 20797013 Nov 24 22:05 jpress.war
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 6 Nov 24 21:49 ROOT
- 打开网页输入http://192.168.184.128:8080/jpress
- 在数据库里创建库和用户
[root@test01 webapps]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> create database jpress DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on jpress.* to jpress@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
- 继续安装
- 成功进入
- 输入http://192.168.184.128:8080/jpress/admin进入管理页面
- 写文章测试
- 查看文章中的图片位置
[root@test01 20211124]# ll
total 104
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 14526 Nov 24 22:22 b6a4c507cc3c4a92920821e1344f6473_780x240.jpg
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 88117 Nov 24 22:22 b6a4c507cc3c4a92920821e1344f6473.jpg
[root@test01 20211124]# pwd
/opt/tomcat/webapps/jpress/attachment/20211124
- 在数据库中查看上传的文章
[root@test01 20211124]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 111
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from jpress.jpress_content\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
title: test
text: <p>test<img src="/jpress/attachment/20211124/b6a4c507cc3c4a92920821e1344f6473.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="600"></p>
summary: NULL
link_to: NULL
markdown_enable: 0
thumbnail: NULL
module: article
style: NULL
user_id: 1
author: NULL
user_email: NULL
user_ip: NULL
user_agent: NULL
parent_id: NULL
object_id: NULL
order_number: 0
status: normal
vote_up: 0
vote_down: 0
rate: NULL
rate_count: 0
price: 0.00
comment_status: NULL
comment_count: 0
comment_time: NULL
view_count: 0
created: 2021-11-24 22:22:41
modified: 2021-11-24 22:22:41
slug: test
flag: NULL
lng: NULL
lat: NULL
meta_keywords: NULL
meta_description: NULL
remarks: NULL
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
nginx反向代理tomcat
tomcat多实例
- 复制两个tomcat
[root@test01 20211124]# cd /opt/
[root@test01 opt]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.73 tomcat
[root@test01 opt]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 220 Nov 24 06:38 apache-tomcat-8.5.73
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Nov 24 06:39 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-8.5.73
[root@test01 opt]# cp -a apache-tomcat-8.5.73 tomcat_01
[root@test01 opt]# cp -a apache-tomcat-8.5.73 tomcat_02
- 修改配置文件
[root@test01 opt]# vim tomcat_01/conf/server.xml
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
[root@test01 opt]# vim tomcat_01/conf/server.xml
<Server port="8007" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Connector port="8082" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
- 启动并查看
[root@test01 bin]# ps aux|grep java
root 3202 0.8 8.1 2552152 152392 pts/0 Sl 22:17 0:11 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /opt/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/opt/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/opt/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 3336 13.4 5.6 2520120 105824 pts/0 Sl 22:40 0:05 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/tomcat_01/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /opt/tomcat_01/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/tomcat_01/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/opt/tomcat_01 -Dcatalina.home=/opt/tomcat_01 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/tomcat_01/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 3405 88.0 5.8 2521160 109556 pts/0 Sl 22:40 0:06 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/tomcat_02/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /opt/tomcat_02/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/tomcat_02/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/opt/tomcat_02 -Dcatalina.home=/opt/tomcat_02 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/tomcat_02/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 3456 0.0 0.0 112704 980 pts/0 R+ 22:40 0:00 grep --color=auto java
[root@test01 bin]# netstat -anp|grep 808
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 3202/java
tcp6 0 0 :::8081 :::* LISTEN 3336/java
tcp6 0 0 :::8082 :::* LISTEN 3405/java
nginx反向代理
- 配置一个nginx文件
[root@test01 conf.d]# cat tomcat.conf
upstream java {
server 192.168.184.128:8081;
server 192.168.184.128:8082;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.xcnnnnnn.com;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://java;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
2.重启nginx测试访问
2. 查看日志，两边都有访问
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