异常
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1.RuntimeException 以及其子类异常,在函数中被throw抛出,可以不try catch 不在函数上声明throws
2.继承需要注意:
①当一个方法被子类覆盖时,子类同名方法如果抛出异常,那么抛出的异常必须是父类的异常或者父类异常的子类。
②如果父类抛出多个异常,那么子类也要抛出多个异常,或者多个异常共有的子类异常。不能抛出新的父类没有的异常
③父类不抛出异常,那么子类也不能抛出异常
自定义异常
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class AgeException extends Exception {
public String info;
public AgeException(String info) {
this.info = info;
}
public AgeException() {
this("年龄异常!");
}
public void printException() {
System.out.println(info);
}
}
class AgeTooBigException extends AgeException {
public AgeTooBigException() {
super("年龄太大!!!");
}
}
class AgeTooSmallException extends AgeException {
public AgeTooSmallException() {
super("年龄太小!!!");
}
}
class Person {
private int age;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) throws AgeException {
if (age > 200) {
throw new AgeTooBigException();
} else if (age < 0) {
throw new AgeTooSmallException();
}
this.age = age;
}
}
Package
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1.对类文件进行分类管理
2.包必须是源文件的第一句话
3.其实类名的全称为: 包名.类名
4.包也是一种封装形式
包与包之间的访问以及修饰符的关系
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public protect default private
同类 √ √ √ √
同包 √ √ √
子类 √ √
不同包 √
cmd命令行打jar包
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1.cmd + jar cvf xxx.jar xxx.class xx.class xxxx.class
将 xxx.class ,xx.class, xxxx.class三个class文件,打入xxx.jar包中
注意 xxx.class ,xx.class, xxxx.class , xxx.jar 都是相对路径;必要时请使用绝对路径
2.cmd + jar cvf xxx.jar -C d:\xxx\xx/ *.class
将 d:\xxx\xx 文件夹下的所有 *.class文件打包到当前目录下,并且包名为xxx.jar
3.cmd + jar -tf xxx.jar
查看当前目录下xxx.jar包里面的文件
4.cmd + jar -cvfe xxxx.jar xx.xxx.xx.Dog -c ./ .
将当前目录下的所有文件打成xxxx.jar包,并且入口mian 函数为 xx.xxx.xx包下的Dog
5.cmd + java -jar xxxx.jar
运行当前目录下的xxxx.jar包,前提是xxxx.jar包有入口函数
6.cmd + java -cp d:\xx\xxx\x\xxx.jar xx.xxx.xx.Dog
运行d:\xx\xxx\x\xxx.jar包,并且以xx.xxx.xx.Dog为入口类
练习一:
三角形类自定义异常
定义三角形类(Triangle{a,c,b}),
要求:
a.两边和 > 第三边 ,抛出异常
b.a|b|c > 0 ,抛出异常
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public class Ts01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Triangle t = new Triangle(1, 5, 6);
Triangle t1 = new Triangle(-1, 5, 6);
Triangle t2 = new Triangle(1, 5, 5);
}
}
class Triangle {
private int a;
private int b;
private int c;
public Triangle(int a, int b, int c) throws Exception {
if (a <= 0 || b <= 0 || c <= 0)
throw new TooSmallException();
if (!checkLong(a, b, c))
throw new IllegalException();
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
this.c = c;
System.out.println("三角形的边长为:" + a + "," + b + "," + c);
}
public boolean checkLong(int a, int b, int c) {
if (a + b <= c || a + c <= b || b + c <= a)
return false;
else
return true;
}
}
class TooSmallException extends Exception {
public String info;
public TooSmallException() {
this("发生异常:边长必须大于0!!!");
}
public TooSmallException(String info) {
this.info = info;
}
}
class IllegalException extends Exception {
public String info;
public IllegalException() {
this("发生异常:两边之和必须大于第三边!!!");
}
public IllegalException(String info) {
this.info = info;
}
}
全文完!