一、TCP
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1.传输控制协议（Transfer Control Protocal）
2.协议：规则，一套规范的数据格式
3.面向连接的，安全，有确认，数据有序（区别于UDP-无连接，不安全，速度快）
4.一般分为三个阶段：建立连接，数据传输，释放连接
5.TCP建立连接的三次握手：实质上是2次身份认证。认证双方
二、IP
-------------------------------------------------------
1.网络协议：Internet Protocal
2.通配ip地址：0:0:0:0
3.InetAddress只有ip没有端口，必须绑定端口
4.InetSocketAddress:相当于InetAddress + port
三、osi开放系统互连参考模型/网络传输的七层协议
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1.物理层 //网线，水晶头；rj45
2.数据链路层 //FDDI
3.网络层 //IP
4.传输层 //TCP UDP
5.会话层 //RPC 远程调用系统
6.表示层 //是否加密
7.应用层 //HTTPS HTTP FTP SMTP(简单邮件协议)
四、http超文本传输协议/FTP文件传输协议
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1.应用层协议
五、端口
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1.0-1023：系统端口
2.1024 - 65535： 可用端口
3.查看端口占用情况：cmd + netstat -ano
4.外界访问我，必须通过我的ip访问，但是仅仅直到ip是找不到我的，因为有端口的存在。所以，需要在ip上绑定指定的端口，开启端口监听，这样就能通过ip + 端口找到我了
5.但是一旦开启一个端口，就不能再开启这个端口了，因为被占用了
六、套接字 socket
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1.socket = ip + tcp/udp + port
@Test
/**
* 测试服务器端Socket
* @throws Exception
*/
public void tsServerSocket() throws Exception
{
//创建InetSocketAddress
byte [] bs = new byte[]{(byte)192,(byte)168,0,(byte)107};
InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByAddress(bs);
InetSocketAddress addr1 = new InetSocketAddress(addr, 8888);
//创建ServerSocket
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket();
//绑定InetSocketAddress
ss.bind(addr1);
//接受请求(阻塞，直到有人发来请求,但是一旦有人连接了，它就退出了，所以一般是死循环)
while(true)
{
Socket s = ss.accept();
InputStream is = s.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "gbk");
char [] buf = new char[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len = isr.read(buf)) != -1)
{
System.out.println(new String(buf,0,len));
}
InetSocketAddress s1 = (InetSocketAddress)s.getLocalSocketAddress();
InetSocketAddress s2 = (InetSocketAddress)s.getRemoteSocketAddress();
System.out.println("local:" + s1.getHostName() + ":" + s1.getPort());
System.out.println("remote:" + s2.getHostName() + ":" + s2.getPort());
//System.out.println(s.toString());
}
//System.out.println("over");
}
/**
* 测试客户端套接字
*/
@Test
public void tsClientSocket() throws Exception
{
//Socket s = new Socket("localhost", 8888);
//创建客户端套接字，并连接服务器端
Socket s = new Socket("192.168.0.107", 8888);
//得到套接字输出流
InputStream is = System.in;
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "gbk");
//BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
char [] cbuf = new char[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len = isr.read(cbuf)) != -1)
{
OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream();
os.write(new String(cbuf,0,len).getBytes("gbk"));
os.flush();
}
while(true)
{
Thread.sleep(50000);
}
//System.out.println("connected!");
}
七、服务器--客户端互发消息案例
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(-------------------服务器端--------------------)
public class Server {
@Test
/**
* 测试服务器端Socket
* @throws Exception
*/
public void startServer() throws Exception
{
//创建InetSocketAddress
byte [] bs = new byte[]{(byte)192,(byte)168,0,(byte)107};
InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByAddress(bs);
InetSocketAddress addr1 = new InetSocketAddress(addr, 8888);
//创建ServerSocket
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket();
//绑定InetSocketAddress
ss.bind(addr1);
while(true)
{
//接受请求(阻塞，直到有人发来请求,但是一旦有人连接了，它就不阻塞了)
Socket s = ss.accept();
new CommunicationThread(s).start();
}
}
}
/**
* 通信线程
*/
public class CommunicationThread extends Thread
{
private Socket s;
private String clientInfo;
public Socket getS() {
return s;
}
public void setS(Socket s) {
this.s = s;
}
public CommunicationThread(Socket s)
{
super();
this.s = s;
this.clientInfo = getClientInfo(s);
}
public void run()
{
try {
//接收数据(获取客户端传递过来的数据)
InputStream is = s.getInputStream();
//发送数据(给客户端发送数据)
OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
char [] buf = new char[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len = isr.read(buf)) != -1)
{
String msg = new String(buf,0,len);
System.out.println("[" + clientInfo + "] " + msg);
os.write(("[from server]" + msg).getBytes());
os.flush();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取客户端信息
* @return ip + port
*/
private String getClientInfo(Socket s)
{
//InetSocketAddress s1 = (InetSocketAddress)s.getLocalSocketAddress();
InetSocketAddress s2 = (InetSocketAddress)s.getRemoteSocketAddress();
//System.out.println("local:" + s1.getHostName() + ":" + s1.getPort());
//System.out.println("remote:" + s2.getHostName() + ":" + s2.getPort());
return "remote:" + s2.getHostName() + ":" + s2.getPort();
}
}
(-------------------客户端--------------------)
public class Client {
/**
* 测试客户端套接字
*/
@Test
public void startClient() throws Exception
{
//创建客户端套接字，并连接服务器端
Socket s = new Socket("192.168.0.107", 8888);
OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream();
//得到套接字输出流
BufferedReader bis = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
InputStream is = s.getInputStream();
String line = null;
byte [] buf = new byte [1024];
int len = 0;
while((line = bis.readLine()) != null)
{
//这个方法是阻塞的，用户不输入，就一直等待用户输入，一旦输入了，就发给服务器了，执行下面代码
os.write(line.getBytes());
//接收服务器发送过来的消息，也是阻塞的
len = is.read(buf);
System.out.println(new String(buf,0,len));
}
}
}
八、windows杀死进程
-------------------------------------------------------
1.taskkill /? //查看帮助
2.taskkill /f /pid 1 //强制杀死进程1
3.taskkill /f /pid 1 /pid 2 //强制杀死进程1和2...
4.taskkill /f /IM notepae.exe /T //强制杀死映像名为notepae.exe的进程树
九、URL
-----------------------------------------------------------
1.统一资源定位符
schema://domainname:port/path?queryString
http://192.168.0.107:9090/a.txt?id=12&&name=tom
http://192.168.0.107:8080
2.HttpURLConnection hcon = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
hcon.getInputStream();
hcon.getOutputStream();
hcon.getContentLength();
hcon.getContentType();
3.标注写法
URL u = new URL(url);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) u.openConnection();
//设置请求属性
//*****Range bytes=startPos-endPos*****
conn.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + startPos + "-" + endPos);
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
...
@Test
public void testUrl() throws Exception
{
//创建url对象
URL url = new URL("http://192.168.0.107:8080/1.mp3");
//打开url连接
HttpURLConnection hcon = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
//获取连接流对象
InputStream is = hcon.getInputStream();
//OutputStream os = hcon.getOutputStream();
//hcon.getContentLength();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("E:\\a.mp3");
byte [] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len = is.read(buf)) != -1)
{
fos.write(buf,0,len);
}
is.close();
fos.close();
System.out.println("下载完成！");
}
十、 URI 统一资源标识符
------------------------------------------------------------
十一、在eclipse中创建tcp/ip监控器
------------------------------------------------------------
1.eclipse -- win --- perfer --- run/debug --- tcp/ip monitor
十二、多线程下载URL服务器资源案例
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
（--------------下载器UI-----------------）
/**
* 下载器UI
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class DownloaderUI extends JFrame implements ActionListener
{
private String url;
private String desPath;
private int threadCount;
public JProgressBar pbar;
private JButton playbtn;
private JTextArea urltx;
private JTextArea destx;
private JTextArea counttx;
public static void main(String[] args) {
//new 窗口
new DownloaderUI();
}
public DownloaderUI()
{
init();
}
/**
* 初始化布局
*/
private void init()
{
//初始化敞口
this.setBounds(100, 50, 840, 800);
this.setLayout(null);
//添加url
JLabel urllb = new JLabel("URL:");
urllb.setBounds(10, 10, 800, 50);
this.add(urllb);
urltx = new JTextArea();
urltx.setText("http://localhost:8080/1.7z");
urltx.setBounds(10, 60, 800, 50);
this.add(urltx);
//添加des
JLabel deslb = new JLabel("Des:");
deslb.setBounds(10, 120, 800, 50);
this.add(deslb);
destx = new JTextArea();
destx.setText("E:\\1.7z");
destx.setBounds(10, 170, 800, 50);
this.add(destx);
//添加count
JLabel countlb = new JLabel("Count:");
countlb.setBounds(10, 240, 800, 50);
this.add(countlb);
counttx = new JTextArea();
counttx.setText("3");
counttx.setBounds(10, 290, 800, 50);
this.add(counttx);
//添加开始按钮
playbtn = new JButton("开始下载");
playbtn.setBounds(10, 370, 200, 50);
playbtn.addActionListener(this);
this.add(playbtn);
//添加进度条
pbar = new JProgressBar();
pbar.setBounds(10, 450, 800, 30);
this.add(pbar);
//添加窗口关闭事件
this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(-1);
}
});
this.setVisible(true);
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if(e.getSource() == playbtn)
{
System.out.println("开始下载！");
this.url = urltx.getText();
this.desPath = destx.getText();
this.threadCount = Integer.parseInt(counttx.getText());
new DownLoader(url,desPath,threadCount,this).startDownLoad();
}
}
}
（--------------下载器-----------------）
public class DownLoader {
private String url;
private String des;
private int count;
private DownloaderUI ui;
private int totleLength;
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public String getDes() {
return des;
}
public void setDes(String des) {
this.des = des;
}
public int getCount() {
return count;
}
public void setCount(int count) {
this.count = count;
}
public DownloaderUI getUi() {
return ui;
}
public void setUi(DownloaderUI ui) {
this.ui = ui;
}
public DownLoader(String url, String des, int count, DownloaderUI ui) {
this.url = url;
this.des = des;
this.count = count;
this.ui = ui;
this.totleLength = getTotleLength();
ui.pbar.setMaximum(totleLength);
}
/**
* 获取源文件总大小
* @return
*/
private int getTotleLength()
{
try {
URL u = new URL(url);
HttpURLConnection hcon = (HttpURLConnection)u.openConnection();
return hcon.getContentLength();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return -1;
}
/**
* 开始下载
*/
public void startDownLoad() {
int startPos = 0;
int endPos = 0;
int blocks = totleLength / count;
for(int i = 0 ; i < count ; i ++)
{
if( i == count - 1)
{
new DownLoadThread(url,des,ui,i * blocks ,totleLength - 1).start();
}
new DownLoadThread(url,des,ui,i * blocks,((i + 1) * blocks - 1)).start();
}
}
}
（--------------下载线程-----------------）
public class DownLoadThread extends Thread
{
private String url;
private String des;
private DownloaderUI ui;
private int startPos;
private int endPso;
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public String getDes() {
return des;
}
public void setDes(String des) {
this.des = des;
}
public DownloaderUI getUi() {
return ui;
}
public void setUi(DownloaderUI ui) {
this.ui = ui;
}
public int getStartPos() {
return startPos;
}
public void setStartPos(int startPos) {
this.startPos = startPos;
}
public int getEndPso() {
return endPso;
}
public void setEndPso(int endPso) {
this.endPso = endPso;
}
/**
* 创建下载线程
* @param url
* @param des
* @param ui
* @param startPos
* @param endPso
*/
public DownLoadThread(String url, String des, DownloaderUI ui,
int startPos, int endPso) {
this.url = url;
this.des = des;
this.ui = ui;
this.startPos = startPos;
this.endPso = endPso;
}
public void run()
{
//开始下载
try {
URL u = new URL(url);
HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection) u.openConnection();
//设置请求属性
//*****Range bytes=startPos-endPos*****
http.addRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + startPos + "-" + endPso);
InputStream is = http.getInputStream();
byte [] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
//定义随机访问流
RandomAccessFile ras = new RandomAccessFile(des, "rw");
ras.seek(startPos);
while((len = is.read(buf)) != -1)
{
ras.write(buf,0,len);
ui.pbar.setValue(ui.pbar.getValue() + len);
}
ras.close();
is.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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