cmake教程4(find_package使用)

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-03 17:43:19 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-03 17:43:19 发布

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转自：https://blog.csdn.net/haluoluo211/article/details/80559341
本文主要内容如下：
1. cmake find_package的基本原理
2. 如何编写自己的 cmake module模块
3. 使用cmake find_package 使用不同版本的opencv lib问题（opencv 安装在指定的目录，不是系统的目录）
1. cmake find_package的基本原理
当编译一个需要使用第三方库的软件时，我们需要知道：

去哪儿找头文件 .h   对比GCC的 -I 参数
去哪儿找库文件 (.so/.dll/.lib/.dylib/…)   对比GCC的 -L 参数
需要链接的库文件的名字   对比GCC的 -l 参数
比如说，我们需要一个第三方库 curl，那么我们的 CMakeLists.txt 需要指定头文件目录，和库文件，类似：

include_directiories(/usr/include/curl)
target_link_libraries(myprogram path/curl.so)
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如果借助于cmake提供的finder会怎么样呢？使用cmake的Modules目录下的FindCURL.cmake，相应的CMakeList.txt 文件：

find_package(CURL REQUIRED)
include_directories(${CURL_INCLUDE_DIR})
target_link_libraries(curltest ${CURL_LIBRARY})
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那么cmake是如何查找的呢？

find_package()命令首先会在模块路径中寻找Find.cmake，这是查找库的一个典型方式。具体查找路径依次为CMake：变量${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH}中的所有目录。如果没有，然后再查看它自己的模块目录/share/cmake-x.y/Modules/（$CMAKE_ROOT的具体值可以通过CMake中message命令输出）。这称为模块模式。

为了能支持各种常见的库和包，CMake自带了很多模块。可以通过命令 cmake –help-module-list （输入cmake –help，然后双击Tab会有命令提示）得到你的CMake支持的模块的列表：直接查看模块路径。比如Ubuntu linux上，模块的路径是 ls /usr/share/cmake/Modules/：

ll -th /usr/share/cmake-3.5/Modules/
......
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 76K Sep 27 2016 FindBoost.cmake
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.7K Mar 24 2016 FindCoin3D.cmake
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 77K Mar 24 2016 FindCUDA.cmake
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.1K Mar 24 2016 FindCups.cmake
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.4K Mar 24 2016 FindCURL.cmake
........
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让我们以bzip2库为例。CMake中有个 FindBZip2.cmake 模块。只要使用 find_package(BZip2) 调用这个模块，cmake会自动给一些变量赋值，然后就可以在CMake脚本中使用它们了。变量的列表可以查看cmake模块文件，或者使用命令:

root@xy:~/cmake_practice/cmake_build/build_demo10# cmake --help-module FindBZip2
FindBZip2
---------

Try to find BZip2

Once done this will define
::
BZIP2_FOUND - system has BZip2
BZIP2_INCLUDE_DIR - the BZip2 include directory
BZIP2_LIBRARIES - Link these to use BZip2
BZIP2_NEED_PREFIX - this is set if the functions are prefixed with BZ2_
BZIP2_VERSION_STRING - the version of BZip2 found (since CMake 2.8.8)
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cmake 会将路径赋值给对应的变量，我们以curl的cmake为例，其部分内容如下：

find_path(CURL_INCLUDE_DIR NAMES curl/curl.h)
mark_as_advanced(CURL_INCLUDE_DIR)

# Look for the library (sorted from most current/relevant entry to least).
find_library(CURL_LIBRARY NAMES
curl
# Windows MSVC prebuilts:
curllib
libcurl_imp
curllib_static
# Windows older "Win32 - MSVC" prebuilts (libcurl.lib, e.g. libcurl-7.15.5-win32-msvc.zip):
libcurl
)
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比如一个使用bzip2的简单程序，编译器需要知道 bzlib.h 的位置，链接器需要找到bzip2库（动态链接的话，Unix上是 libbz2.so 类似的文件，Windows上是 libbz2.dll ）

project(helloworld)
add_executable(helloworld hello.c)
find_package (BZip2)
if (BZIP2_FOUND)
include_directories(${BZIP_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_link_libraries (helloworld ${BZIP2_LIBRARIES})
endif (BZIP2_FOUND)
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2. 如何编写自己的 cmake module模块
下面以工程demo9为示例, 项目目录结构如下：

├── cmake
│ └── FindDEMO9LIB.cmake
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── demo9.cpp
├── demo9.h
└── demo9_main.cpp
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其中demo9.h和demo9.cpp生成lib, demo9_main.cpp link对应的lib生成可执行文件

文件内容如下:

//=========================demo9.h===================
#ifndef PROJECT_DEMO9_H
#define PROJECT_DEMO9_H

namespace demo9{
void print_demo9();
}

#endif //PROJECT_DEMO3_H_H

//======================demo9.cpp==================
#include "demo9.h"
#include <iostream>

namespace demo9{
void print_demo9(){
std::cout<<"this is demo9"<<std::endl;
}
}

//======================demo9_main.cpp==================

#include "demo9.h"

int main(){
demo9::print_demo9();
return 0;
}
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首先我们使用demo9.h and demo9.cpp 生成静态lib，并安装：

-- Installing: /usr/local/demo9/lib/libdemo9_lib.a
-- Installing: /usr/local/demo9/include/demo9.h
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FindDEMO9LIB.cmake的内容如下（精简版本）：

# 辅助输出信息
message("now using FindDEMO9LIB.cmake find demo9 lib")

# 将demo9.h文件路径赋值给DEMO9LIB_INCLUDE_DIR
FIND_PATH(DEMO9LIB_INCLUDE_DIR demo9.h /usr/include/demo9/
/usr/local/demo9/include/)
message("./h dir ${DEMO9LIB_INCLUDE_DIR}")

# 将libdemo9_lib.a文件路径赋值给DEMO9LIB_LIBRARY
FIND_LIBRARY(DEMO9LIB_LIBRARY libdemo9_lib.a /usr/local/demo9/lib/)
message("lib dir: ${DEMO9LIB_LIBRARY}")

if(DEMO9LIB_INCLUDE_DIR AND DEMO9LIB_LIBRARY)
# 设置变量结果
set(DEMO9LIB_FOUND TRUE)
endif(DEMO9LIB_INCLUDE_DIR AND DEMO9LIB_LIBRARY)
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主CMakeLists.txt内容如下：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)

project(demo9)

# create libdemo9_lib.a
set(SRC_LIB demo9.cpp)
add_library(demo9_lib STATIC ${SRC_LIB})

# install it
install(TARGETS demo9_lib DESTINATION demo9/lib)
install(FILES demo9.h DESTINATION demo9/include)

# create demo9_main exectuable
set(SRC_EXE demo9_main.cpp)

# set demo9_lib cmake module path
set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake)
message("cmake_module_path: ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH}")
find_package(DEMO9LIB)

if(DEMO9LIB_FOUND)
add_executable(demo9_main ${SRC_EXE})
message("found demo9 ${DEMO9LIB_INCLUDE_DIR} ${DEMO9LIB_LIBRARY}")
include_directories(${DEMO9LIB_INCLUDE_DIR})
target_link_libraries(demo9_main ${DEMO9LIB_LIBRARY})
else()
message("not found DEMO9LIB_FOUND")
endif(DEMO9LIB_FOUND)
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编译输出信息如下：

root@xy:~/cmake_practice/cmake_build/build_demo9# cmake ../../cmake_tuorial/demo9/
cmake_module_path: /home/xy/cmake_practice/cmake_tuorial/demo9/cmake
now using FindDEMO9LIB.cmake find demo9 lib
./h dir /usr/local/demo9/include
lib dir: /usr/local/demo9/lib/libdemo9_lib.a
found demo9 /usr/local/demo9/include /usr/local/demo9/lib/libdemo9_lib.a
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make

root@xy:~/cmake_practice/cmake_build/build_demo9# make -j10
cmake_module_path: /home/xy/cmake_practice/cmake_tuorial/demo9/cmake
now using FindDEMO9LIB.cmake find demo9 lib
./h dir /usr/local/demo9/include
lib dir: /usr/local/demo9/lib/libdemo9_lib.a
found demo9 /usr/local/demo9/include /usr/local/demo9/lib/libdemo9_lib.a
-- Configuring done
.......................................
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运行：

root@xy:~/cmake_practice/cmake_build/build_demo9# ./demo9_main
this is demo9
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3. 使用cmake find_package 使用不同版本的opencv lib问题（opencv 安装在指定的目录，不是系统的目录）
下面在给出一个opencv的示例，opencv3.1安装在/home/xy/opencv3.1_install/lib/目录下（可以参考这篇英文blog安装）。

最终安装完成会有对应的cmake文件，查看如下：

xy@xy:~/opencv_demo/demo1$ ll -th ~/opencv3.1_install/lib/share/OpenCV/
total 60K
drwxrwxr-x 5 xy xy 4.0K May 28 19:00 ./
......
-rw-r--r-- 1 xy xy 16K May 28 18:56 OpenCVConfig.cmake
-rw-r--r-- 1 xy xy 418 May 28 18:56 OpenCVConfig-version.cmake
-rw-r--r-- 1 xy xy 4.5K May 28 18:56 OpenCVModules.cmake
-rw-r--r-- 1 xy xy 11K May 28 18:56 OpenCVModules-release.cmake
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测试代码如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main(int argc, char** argv )
{

cout << "OpenCV version : " << CV_VERSION << endl;
cout << "Major version : " << CV_MAJOR_VERSION << endl;
cout << "Minor version : " << CV_MINOR_VERSION << endl;

if ( argc != 2 )
{
printf("usage: DisplayImage.out <Image_Path>\n");
return -1;
}
Mat image;
image = imread( argv[1], 1 );
if ( !image.data )
{
printf("No image data \n");
return -1;
}
cout<<image.size()<<endl;
cout<<image.size().width<<endl;
cout<<image.size().height<<endl;
namedWindow("Display Image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
imshow("Display Image", image);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
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对应的cmake 如下：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5.0)
project(demo1)
//set cmake module path
set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH}
"~/opencv3.1_install/lib/share/OpenCV/"
)

find_package( OpenCV 3.1.0 REQUIRED )
include_directories( ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS} )
message("OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS: ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
message("OpenCV_LIBS: ${OpenCV_LIBS}")
add_executable( demo1 demo.cpp )
target_link_libraries( demo1 ${OpenCV_LIBS} )
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cmake build输出如下:

xy@xy:~/opencv_demo/demo1$ cmake .
OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS: /home/xy/opencv3.1_install/lib/include/opencv;/home/xy/opencv3.1_install/lib/include
OpenCV_LIBS: opencv_videostab;opencv_videoio;.....
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程序运行如下：