Java多线程消费消息

实现思路#

  1. 不停的拉取消息
  2. 将拉取的消息分片
  3. 多个线程一起消费每一片消息
  4. 将所有消息消费完成后,接着拉取新的消息

代码#

CrazyTask#

这是一个抽象类,针对不同的任务可能有不同的处理逻辑,对于不同的任务去继承这个CrazyTask 实现他的process方法。

package crazyConsumer;

import com.google.common.collect.Lists;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

/**
 * {@code @author:} keboom
 * {@code @date:} 2023/11/17
 * {@code @description:}
 */
public abstract class CrazyTask {
    String taskName;
    int threadNum;
    volatile boolean isTerminated;
    // every partition data num.
    // for example: I receive 5 messages, partitionDataNum is 2, then i will partition 5 messages to 3 parts, 2,2,1
    int partitionDataCount = 2;

    abstract void process(Message message);

    void doExecute(SimpleConsumer consumer) {
        while (true) {
            // 此消费者每次主动拉取消息队列中消息
            List<Message> messages = consumer.receive();
            if (messages.isEmpty()) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(5000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
                continue;
            }
            // 获取处理此topic或者说处理此类型task的线程池
            ExecutorService executor = CrazyTaskUtil.getOrInitExecutor(taskName, threadNum);
            // 将消息分片,每个线程处理一部分消息
            List<List<Message>> partition = Lists.partition(messages, partitionDataCount);
            // 以消息分片数初始化CountDownLatch,每个线程处理完一片消息,countDown一次
            // 当countDownLatch为0时,说明所有消息都处理完了,countDownLatch.await();继续向下执行
            CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(partition.size());

            partition.forEach(messageList -> {
                executor.execute(() -> {
                    messageList.forEach(message -> {
                        process(message);
                        consumer.ack(message);
                    });
                    countDownLatch.countDown();
                });
            });
            try {
                countDownLatch.await();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            if (isTerminated) {
                break;
            }
        }
        // 释放线程池
        CrazyTaskUtil.shutdownThreadPool(taskName);
    }

    void terminate() {
        isTerminated = true;
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println(taskName + " shut down");
    }

    public String getTaskName() {
        return taskName;
    }
}

PhoneTask#
package crazyConsumer;

/**
 * {@code @author:} keboom
 * {@code @date:} 2023/11/17
 * {@code @description:}
 */
public class PhoneTask extends CrazyTask {

    public PhoneTask(String taskName, int threadNum) {
        this.taskName = taskName;
        // default thread num
        this.threadNum = threadNum;
        this.isTerminated = false;
    }

    @Override
    void process(Message message) {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +"  process  "+ message.toString());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(30);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "PhoneTask{" +
                "taskName='" + taskName + '\'' +
                ", threadNum=" + threadNum +
                ", isTerminated=" + isTerminated +
                '}';
    }
}

EmailTask#
package crazyConsumer;

/**
 * {@code @author:} keboom
 * {@code @date:} 2023/11/17
 * {@code @description:}
 */
public class EmailTask extends CrazyTask{

    public EmailTask(String taskName, int threadNum) {
        this.taskName = taskName;
        // default thread num
        this.threadNum = threadNum;
        this.isTerminated = false;
    }

    @Override
    void process(Message message) {
        // do something
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +"  process  "+ message.toString());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(20);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "EmailTask{" +
                "taskName='" + taskName + '\'' +
                ", threadNum=" + threadNum +
                ", isTerminated=" + isTerminated +
                '}';
    }
}

CrazyTaskUtil#

创建销毁线程池的工具类

package crazyConsumer;

import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

/**
 * {@code @author:} keboom
 * {@code @date:} 2023/11/17
 * {@code @description:}
 */
public class CrazyTaskUtil {

    private static final Map<String, ExecutorService> executors = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    public static ExecutorService getOrInitExecutor(String taskName, int threadNum) {
        ExecutorService executorService = executors.get(taskName);
        if (executorService == null) {
            synchronized (CrazyTaskUtil.class) {
                executorService = executors.get(taskName);
                if (executorService == null) {
                    executorService = initPool(taskName, threadNum);
                    executors.put(taskName, executorService);
                }
            }
        }
        return executorService;
    }

    private static ExecutorService initPool(String taskName, int threadNum) {
        // init pool
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(threadNum, threadNum,
                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(),
                new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat(taskName + "-%d").build());
    }

    public static void shutdownThreadPool(String taskName) {
        ExecutorService remove = executors.remove(taskName);
        if (remove != null) {
            remove.shutdown();
        }
    }

}

Main#

程序入口

package crazyConsumer;

import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * {@code @author:} keboom
 * {@code @date:} 2023/11/17
 * {@code @description:}
 */
public class Main {

    /**
     * 一种多线程消费场景。比如我们有一个消费队列,里面有各种消息,我们需要尽快的消费他们,不同的消息对应不同的业务
     *
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        // 比方说我们这个有rocketmq不同主题的consumer
        /*
        List<MessageView> messageViewList = null;
        try {
            messageViewList = simpleConsumer.receive(10, Duration.ofSeconds(30));
            messageViewList.forEach(messageView -> {
                System.out.println(messageView);
                //消费处理完成后,需要主动调用ACK提交消费结果。
                try {
                    simpleConsumer.ack(messageView);
                } catch (ClientException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            });
        } catch (ClientException e) {
            //如果遇到系统流控等原因造成拉取失败,需要重新发起获取消息请求。
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

         */

        // 想要实现多线程消费消息,我们希望有一个任务,此任务能够不停的拉取消息,然后创建子线程池去消费消息。
        // 停止任务后,需要将任务中的消息消费完后,再关闭任务。

        ArrayList<CrazyTask> tasks = new ArrayList<>();
        tasks.add(new PhoneTask("phoneTask", 2));
        tasks.add(new EmailTask("emailTask", 3));

        for (CrazyTask task : tasks) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                task.doExecute(new SimpleConsumer("topic"+task.getTaskName().charAt(0), "tagA"));
            }).start();
        }

        // task running
        Thread.sleep(150);

        // task terminated
        tasks.forEach(CrazyTask::terminate);
    }
}

最终执行结果#

receive message: [Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-0-1700470193487'}, Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-1-1700470193487'}, Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-2-1700470193487'}, Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-3-1700470193487'}, Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-4-1700470193487'}]
receive message: [Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-0-1700470193487'}, Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-1-1700470193487'}, Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-2-1700470193487'}, Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-3-1700470193487'}, Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-4-1700470193487'}]
phoneTask-0  process  Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-0-1700470193487'}
emailTask-1  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-2-1700470193487'}
emailTask-0  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-0-1700470193487'}
phoneTask-1  process  Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-2-1700470193487'}
emailTask-2  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-4-1700470193487'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-2-1700470193487'}
emailTask-1  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-3-1700470193487'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-4-1700470193487'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-0-1700470193487'}
emailTask-0  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-1-1700470193487'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-2-1700470193487'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-0-1700470193487'}
phoneTask-0  process  Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-1-1700470193487'}
phoneTask-1  process  Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-3-1700470193487'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-1-1700470193487'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-3-1700470193487'}
receive message: [Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-0-1700470193570'}, Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-1-1700470193570'}, Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-2-1700470193570'}, Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-3-1700470193570'}, Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-4-1700470193570'}]
emailTask-0  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-2-1700470193570'}
emailTask-2  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-0-1700470193570'}
emailTask-1  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-4-1700470193570'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-3-1700470193487'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-1-1700470193487'}
phoneTask-1  process  Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-4-1700470193487'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-0-1700470193570'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-4-1700470193570'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-2-1700470193570'}
emailTask-0  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-3-1700470193570'}
emailTask-2  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-1-1700470193570'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-4-1700470193487'}
receive message: [Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-0-1700470193618'}, Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-1-1700470193618'}, Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-2-1700470193618'}, Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-3-1700470193618'}, Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-4-1700470193618'}]
phoneTask-0  process  Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-0-1700470193618'}
phoneTask-1  process  Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-2-1700470193618'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-1-1700470193570'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-3-1700470193570'}
receive message: [Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-0-1700470193634'}, Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-1-1700470193634'}, Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-2-1700470193634'}, Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-3-1700470193634'}, Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-4-1700470193634'}]
emailTask-1  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-0-1700470193634'}
emailTask-0  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-4-1700470193634'}
emailTask-2  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-2-1700470193634'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-2-1700470193618'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-0-1700470193618'}
phoneTask-0  process  Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-1-1700470193618'}
phoneTask-1  process  Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-3-1700470193618'}

phoneTask shut down

emailTask shut down
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-0-1700470193634'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-2-1700470193634'}
emailTask-1  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-1-1700470193634'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-4-1700470193634'}
emailTask-2  process  Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-3-1700470193634'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-3-1700470193618'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-1-1700470193618'}
phoneTask-1  process  Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-4-1700470193618'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-3-1700470193634'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topice-tagA-1-1700470193634'}
ack message: Message{messageBody='topicp-tagA-4-1700470193618'}

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要使用Java多线程消费Kafka,可以使用Kafka提供的Consumer API,并将其与Java多线程结合使用。以下是一些基本步骤: 1. 创建Kafka Consumer实例 首先,需要创建一个Kafka Consumer实例。可以使用Kafka提供的工厂类创建一个Consumer实例,如下所示: ```java Properties props = new Properties(); props.put("bootstrap.servers", "localhost:9092"); props.put("group.id", "test-group"); KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(props); ``` 2. 订阅Topic 接下来,需要订阅一个或多个Topic,以便从Kafka集群中获取数据。可以使用`subscribe()`方法进行订阅,如下所示: ```java consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList("topic1", "topic2")); ``` 3. 创建消费线程 为了使用多线程消费Kafka,需要创建一个或多个消费线程,每个线程负责消费一个Partition的数据。线程可以使用Java的Executor框架来创建,如下所示: ```java ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); while (true) { ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(100)); for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) { executor.submit(new ConsumerThread(record)); } } ``` 在上面的代码中,`poll()`方法获取来自Kafka的数据,并将其分配给一个或多个消费线程进行处理。每个消费线程都需要实现`Runnable`接口,并在`run()`方法中处理数据。例如: ```java public class ConsumerThread implements Runnable { private final ConsumerRecord<String, String> record; public ConsumerThread(ConsumerRecord<String, String> record) { this.record = record; } @Override public void run() { // 处理数据 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " received message: " + record.value()); } } ``` 在上面的代码中,`ConsumerThread`类实现了`Runnable`接口,并在`run()`方法中处理来自Kafka的数据。 4. 关闭Consumer实例 最后,需要在程序退出时关闭Kafka Consumer实例,以释放资源。可以使用`close()`方法进行关闭,如下所示: ```java consumer.close(); ``` 以上就是使用Java多线程消费Kafka的基本步骤。需要注意的是,多线程消费Kafka需要考虑各种并发和线程安全问题,例如数据竞争、重复消费消息丢失等。因此,在实际应用中需要仔细设计和测试。

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