打印螺旋矩阵-Python

• 问题描述

输入N, 打印 N*N 螺旋矩阵 
比如 N = 3，打印： 
1 2 3 
8 9 4 
7 6 5

N = 4，打印： 
1 2 3 4 
12 13 14 5 
11 16 15 6 
10 9 8 7

• 思路

一圈为一轮，使用递归

 

n = int(raw_input('>'))
#初始化数组
arr = [[0]*n for i in range(n)]
#递归解决
def dfs(arr, x, y, start, n):
    if n<=0:return 0
    if n==1:
        arr[x][y] = start
        return 0
    #up
    for i in range(n):
        arr[x][y+i] = start
        start += 1
    #right
    for i in range(n-1):
        arr[x+1+i][y+n-1] = start
        start += 1
    #down
    for i in range(n-1):
        arr[x+n-1][y+n-2-i] = start
        start += 1
    #left
    for i in range(n-2):
        arr[x+n-2-i][y] = start
        start += 1
    dfs(arr,x+1,y+1,start,n-2)

a = dfs(arr,0,0,1,n)
#格式化输出print
l = len(str(n*n))+1
format = ('%'+str(l)+'d')*n
for tmp in arr:
    print format%tuple(tmp)