对于网络开发而言,最常用的交互模式:WebService、Web Server、Socket程序,一些Socket程序的使用要比JSP/Servlet等程序更加安全,所以在许多的Android手机端都会利用Socket进行数据的交互。
下面我们来完成一个简单的Echo程序
首先定义服务器端程序,MyServer.java
package com.iflytek.server;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* @author xdwang
*
* @create 2012-11-16 下午9:46:04
*
* @email:xdwangiflytek@gmail.com
*
* @description Socket 服务
*
*/
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8888);// 在8888端口上监听
Socket client = server.accept();// 接受客户端请求
PrintStream out = new PrintStream(client.getOutputStream());// 取得客户端输出流
BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
client.getInputStream()));// 字符缓冲区读取
StringBuffer info = new StringBuffer();// 接受客户端的信息
info.append("Android:");// 回应数据
info.append(buf.readLine());// 接受数据
out.print(info);// 发送信息
out.close();
buf.close();
client.close();
server.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
Android客户端,Socket01_EchoActivity.java
package com.iflytek.demo;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class Socket01_EchoActivity extends Activity {
private Button send = null;
private TextView infoTxt = null;
public Handler handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
switch (msg.what) {
case 1:
infoTxt.setText(msg.obj.toString());
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
this.send = (Button) super.findViewById(R.id.send);
this.infoTxt = (TextView) super.findViewById(R.id.info);
this.send.setOnClickListener(new SendOnClickListener());
}
private class SendOnClickListener implements OnClickListener {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
final AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> task = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, String>() {
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
final String temp = result;
Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = 1;
msg.obj = temp;
handler.sendMessage(msg);
}
});
thread.start();
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(Void... arg0) {
String result = "";
try {
Socket client = new Socket("IP", 8888);// 指定服务器
PrintStream out = new PrintStream(
client.getOutputStream());// 打印流输出
BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));// 缓冲区读取
out.println("王旭东"); // 向服务器端发送数据
result = buf.readLine();
out.close();
buf.close();
client.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
};
task.execute();
}
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml同样需要访问网络的权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
其实在Android之中所编写的客户端代码与在java中所编写的Socket程序的客户端代码的功能是完全一样的,没有任何区别。
Ok,我们再来看看利用Socket进行上传操作,在完成上传的同时,附加多种数据如文件标题、大小等。
其实现方式:
1、我们可以直接将所有数据通过字节数组传送,如果采用这种方式,则需要传送两类数据,一种数据类型是自定义的头信息(如文件类型、大小等都通过头信息传递);另一种数据类型才是真正要上传的文件内容。但是这样做在服务器端的接收会比较麻烦,因为所有的数据都是按照字节流的方式传输的,所以必须在各种不同的数据间设置分隔符,而后取出数据时必须处理掉这些分隔符。
2、通过对象序列化的方法完成,使用一个专门的长传数据封装类,将所有的数据内容、文件内容(以字节数组保存)进行封装,而后利用对象序列化的方式,将该对象送到服务器端。使用这种方式处理较为容易,也很方便。
首先定义包装数据的序列化对象类,UploadFile.java
package com.iflytek.util;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author xdwang
*
* @create 2012-11-16 下午10:39:01
*
* @email:xdwangiflytek@gmail.com
*
* @description 数据的序列化对象类,进行序列化传输
*
*/
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class UploadFile implements Serializable {
private String title;//信息标题
private byte[] contentData;//文件内容
private String mimeType;//文件类型
private long contentLength;//文件长度
private String ext;//扩展名
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public byte[] getContentData() {
return contentData;
}
public void setContentData(byte[] contentData) {
this.contentData = contentData;
}
public String getMimeType() {
return mimeType;
}
public void setMimeType(String mimeType) {
this.mimeType = mimeType;
}
public long getContentLength() {
return contentLength;
}
public void setContentLength(long contentLength) {
this.contentLength = contentLength;
}
public String getExt() {
return ext;
}
public void setExt(String ext) {
this.ext = ext;
}
}
然后服务器端也要一个相同的类
服务器端服务类,MyServer02.java
package com.iflytek.server;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
public class MyServer02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String ss = "";
System.out.println(ss);
// 调用线程类启动服务
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8889); // 服务器端端口
boolean flag = true; // 定义标记,可以一直死循环
while (flag) { // 通过标记判断循环
new Thread(new ServerThreadUtil(server.accept())).start(); // 启动线程
}
server.close(); // 关闭服务器
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
服务器端的多线程操作类,ServerThreadUtil.java
package com.iflytek.server;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.UUID;
import com.iflytek.util.UploadFile;
/**
* @author xdwang
*
* @create 2012-11-16 下午10:49:46
*
* @email:xdwangiflytek@gmail.com
*
* @description 多线程操作类
*
*/
public class ServerThreadUtil implements Runnable {
private static final String DIRPATH = "D:" + File.separator + "xdwang"
+ File.separator; // 保存文件夹
private Socket client = null;//接受客户端
private UploadFile uploadFile = null;//传递对象
public ServerThreadUtil(Socket client) {//通过构造方法设置Socket
this.client = client;
System.out.println("新的客户端连接...");
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
PrintStream out = new PrintStream(this.client.getOutputStream());//取得客户端的输出流
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
client.getInputStream()); // 取得客户端的输入流,反序列化
this.uploadFile = (UploadFile) ois.readObject(); // 读取对象
System.out.println("文件标题:" + this.uploadFile.getTitle());
System.out.println("文件类型:" + this.uploadFile.getMimeType());
System.out.println("文件大小:" + this.uploadFile.getContentLength());
out.print(this.saveFile());//返回标记
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
this.client.close();//关闭客户端连接
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* @descrption 进行文件保存
* @author xdwang
* @create 2012-11-16下午10:52:18
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private boolean saveFile() throws Exception {
File file = new File(DIRPATH + UUID.randomUUID() + "."
+ this.uploadFile.getExt());
if (!file.getParentFile().exists()) {
file.getParentFile().mkdir();
}
OutputStream output = null;
try {
output = new FileOutputStream(file);
output.write(this.uploadFile.getContentData());
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw e;
} finally {
output.close();
}
}
}
Android客户端,Socket02_Activity.java
package com.iflytek.demo;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.iflytek.util.UploadFile;
public class Socket02_Activity extends Activity {
private Button send = null;
private TextView info = null;
private static final int FINISH = 0;
private Handler myHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case FINISH:
String result = msg.obj.toString(); // 取出数据
if ("true".equals(result)) {
Socket02_Activity.this.info.setText("操作成功!");
} else {
Socket02_Activity.this.info.setText("操作失败!");
}
break;
}
}
};
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
this.send = (Button) super.findViewById(R.id.send);
this.info = (TextView) super.findViewById(R.id.info);
this.send.setOnClickListener(new SendOnClickListener());
}
/**
*
* @author xdwang
*
* @create 2012-11-16 下午10:44:57
*
* @email:xdwangiflytek@gmail.com
*
* @description UploadFile封装的数据通过ObjectOutputStream发送到服务器,服务器返回true or flase
*
*/
private class SendOnClickListener implements OnClickListener {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
try {
final AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> task = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, String>() {
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(Void... arg0) {
try {
final Socket client = new Socket("10.0.0.3", 8889);// 指定服务器
final BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(
client.getInputStream())); // 缓冲区读取返回的数据
new Thread(new Runnable() {// 创建线程对象
@Override
public void run() {
try {
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
client.getOutputStream());// 对象输出流
UploadFile myFile = SendOnClickListener.this
.getUploadFile();// 取得封装的数据
oos.writeObject(myFile);// 输出对象
String str = buf.readLine(); // 读取返回数据
oos.close();
Message msg = Socket02_Activity.this.myHandler
.obtainMessage(FINISH,
str);
Socket02_Activity.this.myHandler
.sendMessage(msg);
buf.close();
client.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
return null;
}
};
task.execute();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @descrption 封装数据的方法
* @author xdwang
* @create 2012-11-15下午10:46:06
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private UploadFile getUploadFile() throws Exception {
UploadFile myFile = new UploadFile();// 上传封装
myFile.setTitle("Java"); // 设置标题
myFile.setMimeType("image/jpeg"); // 文件的类型
File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
.toString() + File.separator + "java.jpg");// 这里不判断SDCard了
InputStream input = null;// 输入流读取
try {
input = new FileInputStream(file); // 从文件中读取
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();// 字节流
byte data[] = new byte[1024];// 开辟读取空间
int len = 0;
while ((len = input.read(data)) != -1) {// 循环读取
bos.write(data, 0, len);// 保存数据
}
myFile.setContentData(bos.toByteArray());// 保存所有数据
myFile.setContentLength(file.length());// 取得文件大小
myFile.setExt("jpg");// 文件后缀名
} catch (Exception e) {
throw e;
} finally {
input.close();
}
return myFile;
}
}
}