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Information visualization, which is the use of interactive visual representations of abstract data to amplify cognition, is the latest of these disciplines. Because of the computer, information diagrams or visualizations can be prepared automatically at time of use, can be made dynamic and interactive, and can be integrated into a larger process of sensemaking and creation. The potential for information visualization is vast. Staggering advances in interactive computer graphics over the last two decades potentially enable building systems that give rapid insight into information-intensive problems in medicine, finance, business, and scholarship. But the design of information visualization systems is also very subtle, and there needs to be a support- ing science for how to do it.

Dashboards have become popular in recent years as uniquely powerful tools for communicating important information at a glance. Although dashboards are potentially powerful, this potential is rarely realized. The greatest display technology in the world won't solve this if you fail to use effective visual design. And if a dashboard fails to tell you precisely what you need to know in an instant, you'll never use it, even if it's filled with cute gauges, meters, and traffic lights. Don't let your investment in dashboard technology go to waste.