如何在Bash的'if'语句中比较两个字符串变量？ [重复]

本文翻译自：How do I compare two string variables in an 'if' statement in Bash? [duplicate]

This question already has an answer here: 这个问题已经在这里有了答案：

• How to compare strings in Bash 10 answers 如何在Bash中比较字符串 10个答案

I'm trying to get an if statement to work in Bash (using Ubuntu ): 我正在尝试让if语句在Bash中工作（使用Ubuntu ）：

#!/bin/bash

s1="hi"
s2="hi"

if ["$s1" == "$s2"]
then
  echo match
fi

I've tried various forms of the if statement, using [["$s1" == "$s2"]] , with and without quotes, using = , == and -eq , but I still get the following error: 我已经尝试过各种形式的if语句，使用[["$s1" == "$s2"]] ，使用和不使用引号，使用= ， ==和-eq ，但是仍然出现以下错误：

[hi: command not found [hi：找不到命令

I've looked at various sites and tutorials and copied those, but it doesn't work - what am I doing wrong? 我查看了各种站点和教程并复制了这些站点和教程，但是它不起作用-我在做什么错？

Eventually, I want to say if $s1 contains $s2 , so how can I do that? 最终，我想说一下$s1包含$s2 ，那我该怎么做呢？

I did just work out the spaces bit.. :/ How do I say contains? 我只是算出空格位..：/我怎么说包含？

I tried 我试过了

if [[ "$s1" == "*$s2*" ]]

but it didn't work. 但这没用。

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/Hwob/如何在Bash的-if-语句中比较两个字符串变量-重复

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#2楼

You should be careful to leave a space between the sign of '[' and double quotes where the variable contains this: 您应该小心在变量中包含以下内容的'['和双引号之间留一个空格：

if [ "$s1" == "$s2" ]; then
#   ^     ^  ^     ^
   echo match
fi

The ^ s show the blank spaces you need to leave. ^表示您需要离开的空格。

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#3楼

For a version with pure Bash and without test , but really ugly, try: 对于具有纯Bash且未经test但非常丑陋的版本，请尝试：

if ( exit "${s1/*$s2*/0}" )2>/dev/null
then
   echo match
fi

Explanation: In ( ) an extra subshell is opened. 说明：在( )中打开了一个额外的子外壳。 It exits with 0 if there was a match, and it tries to exit with $s1 if there was no match which raises an error (ugly). 如果存在匹配项，则以0退出；如果不存在匹配项，则尝试以$ s1退出，从而引发错误（难看）。 This error is directed to /dev/null . 该错误定向到/dev/null 。

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#4楼

I suggest this one: 我建议这个：

if [ "$a" = "$b" ]

Notice the white space between the openning/closing brackets and the variables and also the white spaces wrapping the '=' sign. 请注意，左方括号和右方括号与变量之间的空白以及包裹“ =”符号的空白。

Also, be careful of your script header. 另外，请注意脚本头。 It's not the same thing whether you use 不管你用不一样

#!/bin/bash

or 要么

#!/bin/sh

Here's the source . 这是来源 。

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#5楼

This is more clarification than answer ! 这比答案更清楚！ Yes , the clue is in the error message: 是的，提示在错误消息中：

[hi: command not found [hi：找不到命令

which shows you that your "hi" has been concatenated to the "[". 这表明您的“ hi”已连接到“ [”。

Unlike in more traditional programming languages, in Bash, "[" is a command just like the more obvious "ls" etc. - it's not treated specially just because it's a symbol, hence the "[" and the (substituted) "$s1" which are immediately next to each other in your question, are joined (as is correct for Bash) and it then tries to find a command in that position: [hi - which is unknown to Bash. 与更传统的编程语言不同，在Bash中，“ [”就像更明显的“ ls”等一样是命令。-并不是仅仅因为它是一个符号就对其进行了特殊处理，因此“ [”和（替换）“ $ s1”在您的问题中紧挨着的“”（对于Bash来说是正确的）被加入，然后它尝试在该位置找到命令：[hi-Bash未知。

In C and some other languages, the "[" would be seen as a different "character class" and would be disjoint from the following "hi". 在C语言和某些其他语言中，“ [”将被视为不同的“字符类”，并且与后面的“ hi”是不相交的。

Hence you require a space after the opening "[". 因此，您需要在打开的“ [”后面留一个空格。

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#6楼

This question has already great answers but here it appears that there is a slight confusion between using single equal and double equals in 这个问题已经有了很好的答案，但是在这里似乎在使用单等号和双等号之间存在一些混淆

if [ "$s1" == "$s2" ]

The main difference lies in which scripting language are you using. 主要区别在于您使用哪种脚本语言。 If you are using bash then include #!/bin/bash in the starting of the script and save your script as filename.bash . 如果您正在使用bash，则在脚本的开头包含#!/bin/bash并将脚本另存为filename.bash 。 To execute use bash filename.bash - then you have to use == . 要执行，请使用bash filename.bash然后必须使用== 。

If you are using sh then use #!/bin/sh and save your script as filename.sh . 如果使用sh，则使用#!/bin/sh并将脚本保存为filename.sh 。 To execute use sh filename.sh - then you have to use single = . 若要执行，请使用sh filename.sh然后必须使用single = 。 Avoid intermixing them. 避免将它们混合在一起。