在numpy数组中查找最接近的值

本文翻译自：Find nearest value in numpy array

Is there a numpy-thonic way, eg function, to find the nearest value in an array? 是否有numpy-thonic方法（例如函数）在数组中查找最接近的值 ？

Example: 例：

np.find_nearest( array, value )

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/Aldk/在numpy数组中查找最接近的值

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#2楼

With slight modification, the answer above works with arrays of arbitrary dimension (1d, 2d, 3d, ...): 稍作修改，上面的答案就可以处理任意维数（1d，2d，3d等）的数组：

def find_nearest(a, a0):
    "Element in nd array `a` closest to the scalar value `a0`"
    idx = np.abs(a - a0).argmin()
    return a.flat[idx]

Or, written as a single line: 或者，写成一行：

a.flat[np.abs(a - a0).argmin()]

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#3楼

Here's a version that will handle a non-scalar "values" array: 这是将处理非标量“值”数组的版本：

import numpy as np

def find_nearest(array, values):
    indices = np.abs(np.subtract.outer(array, values)).argmin(0)
    return array[indices]

Or a version that returns a numeric type (eg int, float) if the input is scalar: 如果输入是标量，则返回一个数字类型（例如，int，float）的版本：

def find_nearest(array, values):
    values = np.atleast_1d(values)
    indices = np.abs(np.subtract.outer(array, values)).argmin(0)
    out = array[indices]
    return out if len(out) > 1 else out[0]

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#4楼

Here's an extension to find the nearest vector in an array of vectors. 这是在向量数组中查找最近的向量的扩展。

import numpy as np

def find_nearest_vector(array, value):
  idx = np.array([np.linalg.norm(x+y) for (x,y) in array-value]).argmin()
  return array[idx]

A = np.random.random((10,2))*100
""" A = array([[ 34.19762933,  43.14534123],
   [ 48.79558706,  47.79243283],
   [ 38.42774411,  84.87155478],
   [ 63.64371943,  50.7722317 ],
   [ 73.56362857,  27.87895698],
   [ 96.67790593,  77.76150486],
   [ 68.86202147,  21.38735169],
   [  5.21796467,  59.17051276],
   [ 82.92389467,  99.90387851],
   [  6.76626539,  30.50661753]])"""
pt = [6, 30]  
print find_nearest_vector(A,pt)
# array([  6.76626539,  30.50661753])

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#5楼

If you don't want to use numpy this will do it: 如果您不想使用numpy，可以这样做：

def find_nearest(array, value):
    n = [abs(i-value) for i in array]
    idx = n.index(min(n))
    return array[idx]

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#6楼

import numpy as np
def find_nearest(array, value):
    array = np.asarray(array)
    idx = (np.abs(array - value)).argmin()
    return array[idx]

array = np.random.random(10)
print(array)
# [ 0.21069679  0.61290182  0.63425412  0.84635244  0.91599191  0.00213826
#   0.17104965  0.56874386  0.57319379  0.28719469]

value = 0.5

print(find_nearest(array, value))
# 0.568743859261