什么是hql
HQL是Hibernate Query Language的缩写
hql和sql区别/异同
HQL | SQL |
---|---|
类名/属性 | 表名/列名 |
区分大小写,关键字不区分大小写 | 不区分大小写 |
?,从下标0开始计算位置(hibernate5之后不支持) | ?,从顺序1开始计算位置 |
:命名参数 | 不支持:命名参数 |
面向对象的查询语言 | 面向结构查询语言 |
案例展示
- 首先大概的了解hql中的一些方法(处理返回的结果集、hql中使用占位符、 连接查询、 聚合函数、hql分页)
package com.xfz.five.test;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.xfz.five.util.PageBean;
import com.xfz.four.dao.BookDao;
import com.xfz.four.entity.Book;
import com.xfz.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class HqlTest {
private Session session;
private Transaction transaction;
private BookDao bookDao=new BookDao();
@Before
public void before() {
session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
transaction = session.beginTransaction();
}
@After
public void after() {
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
/**
* 返回对象(多个)
*/
@Test
public void testList1() {
Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 返回单个列段,用字符串就可以接受
*/
@Test
public void testList2() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookName as ss from Book b");
List<String> list = query.list();
for (String b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 查两个列段及以上,默认返回的是Object【】
* object[]数组存放的是查出来的列段
*/
@Test
public void testList3() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookId,b.bookName as ss from Book b");
List<Object[]> list = query.list();
for (Object[] b : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
}
}
/**
* 注意map是函数,所以不区分大小写,返回的是map集合
*/
@Test
public void testList4() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select new mAp(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
List<Map> list = query.list();
for (Map b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 查两个列段及以上,也可返回对象,前提是有对应的构造函数
*/
@Test
public void testList5() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select new Book(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* HQL语句支持占位符
*/
@Test
public void testList6() {
// Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId");
// query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
// Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
// System.out.println(b);
//Query当做prepareStatement来用
Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)");
// query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4});
List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>();
params.add(1);
params.add(2);
params.add(4);
query.setParameterList("bookIds", params);
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* HQL支持连接查询
*/
@Test
public void testList7() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select o.orderNo,oi.quantity from Order o,OrderItem oi where o = oi.order");
List<Object[]> list = query.list();
for (Object[] b : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
}
}
/**
* HQL支持聚合函数
* sum
* count
* avg
*/
@Test
public void testList8() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Book");
Long singleResult = (Long) query.getSingleResult();
System.out.println(singleResult);
}
/**
* HQL分页
*/
@Test
public void testList9() {
Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
query.setFirstResult(2);
query.setMaxResults(3);
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
@Test
public void testList10() {
Book book=new Book();
PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
// pageBean.setPage(2);
book.setBookName("%圣墟%");
List<Book> list=this.bookDao.list(book, pageBean);
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
}
- 写两个分页用的工具类
StringUtils
package com.xfz.five.util;
public class StringUtils {
// 私有的构造方法,保护此类不能在外部实例化
private StringUtils() {
}
/**
* 如果字符串等于null或去空格后等于"",则返回true,否则返回false
*
* @param s
* @return
*/
public static boolean isBlank(String s) {
boolean b = false;
if (null == s || s.trim().equals("")) {
b = true;
}
return b;
}
/**
* 如果字符串不等于null或去空格后不等于"",则返回true,否则返回false
*
* @param s
* @return
*/
public static boolean isNotBlank(String s) {
return !isBlank(s);
}
}
pageBean
package com.xfz.five.util;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* 分页工具类
*
*/
public class PageBean {
private int page = 1;// 页码
private int rows = 5;// 页大小
private int total = 0;// 总记录数
private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页
// 获取前台向后台提交的所有参数
private Map<String, String[]> parameterMap;
// 获取上一次访问后台的url
private String url;
/**
* 初始化pagebean
*
* @param req
*/
public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
this.setPage(req.getParameter("page"));
this.setRows(req.getParameter("rows"));
// 只有jsp页面上填写pagination=false才是不分页
this.setPagination(!"fasle".equals(req.getParameter("pagination")));
this.setParameterMap(req.getParameterMap());
this.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString());
}
public int getMaxPage() {
return this.total % this.rows == 0 ? this.total / this.rows : this.total / this.rows + 1;
}
public int nextPage() {
return this.page < this.getMaxPage() ? this.page + 1 : this.getMaxPage();
}
public int previousPage() {
return this.page > 1 ? this.page - 1 : 1;
}
public PageBean() {
super();
}
public int getPage() {
return page;
}
public void setPage(int page) {
this.page = page;
}
public void setPage(String page) {
this.page = StringUtils.isBlank(page) ? this.page : Integer.valueOf(page);
}
public int getRows() {
return rows;
}
public void setRows(int rows) {
this.rows = rows;
}
public void setRows(String rows) {
this.rows = StringUtils.isBlank(rows) ? this.rows : Integer.valueOf(rows);
}
public int getTotal() {
return total;
}
public void setTotal(int total) {
this.total = total;
}
public void setTotal(String total) {
this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
}
public boolean isPagination() {
return pagination;
}
public void setPagination(boolean pagination) {
this.pagination = pagination;
}
public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
return parameterMap;
}
public void setParameterMap(Map<String, String[]> parameterMap) {
this.parameterMap = parameterMap;
}
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
/**
* 获得起始记录的下标
*
* @return
*/
public int getStartIndex() {
return (this.page - 1) * this.rows;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination
+ ", parameterMap=" + parameterMap + ", url=" + url + "]";
}
}
- 在之前所写的BookDao的基础上写入分页的方法
package com.xfz.four.dao;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import com.xfz.five.dao.BaseDao;
import com.xfz.five.util.PageBean;
import com.xfz.five.util.StringUtils;
import com.xfz.four.entity.Book;
import com.xfz.four.entity.Category;
import com.xfz.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class BookDao extends BaseDao{
public Integer addBook(Book book) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return bid;
}
public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return cid;
}
public Category getCategory(Category category) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return c;
}
public Book getBook(Book book) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return b;
}
public void delBook(Book book) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
session.delete(book);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
public void delCategory(Category category) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
if(c!=null) {
for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
// 閫氳繃鍦ㄨ鎺ф柟閫氳繃涓绘帶鏂规潵瑙i櫎鍏宠仈鍏崇郴锛屾渶鍚庤鎺ф柟鍐嶅仛鍒犻櫎
b.getCategories().remove(c);
}
}
session.delete(c);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
/**
* @param book
* @param pageBean
* @return
* 书籍的分页查询
* 1.动态的拼接hql语句
* 2.需要给拼接的hql语句的命名参数赋值(可以简化的)
* 3.分页(可以简化的)
*/
public List<Book> list(Book book,PageBean pageBean){
Session session=SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
// Transaction transaction=session.beginTransaction();
String hql="from Book where 1=1 ";
String bname=book.getBookName();
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bname)) {
hql+=" and bookName like :bookName";
}
Query query=session.createQuery(hql );
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bname)) {
query.setParameter("bookName", bname);
}
if(pageBean!=null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
}
List list=query.list();
// transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
}
- 再写一个简化代码的BaseDao
package com.xfz.five.dao;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import com.xfz.five.util.PageBean;
/**
* @author ld
* 基于hql语句的通用查询工具类
* 1.需要给拼接的hql语句的命名参数赋值(可以简化的)
* 2.分页(可以简化的)
*
* 基于sql的分页的查询的做法
* 1.首先要查询出符合条件的总记录数
* 2.返回符合条件的记录
*
* 参数:sql,pagebean,Class claz
* 1.countSql=select count(*) from (sql) t;
* 2.pageSql=sql+" limit "+start+","+rows
*
* 基于hql的分页的查询的做法
* hql=from Book where bookName like "%圣墟%"
* hql=select * from Book where bookName like "%圣墟%"
* 1.countHql=select count(*) hql;
*/
public class BaseDao {
/**
* @param query 里面包含了带有参数的hql语句,需要等待赋值
* @param paramMap
*/
public void setParam(Query query,Map<String, Object> paramMap) {
if(paramMap!=null && paramMap.size()>0) {
Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet=paramMap.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, Object> entry : entrySet) {
String key=entry.getKey();
Object value=entry.getValue();
if(value instanceof Object[]) {
//value可能是数组
query.setParameterList(key, (Object[])value);
}else if(value instanceof Collection) {
//value可能是集合
query.setParameterList(key, (Collection)value);
}else {
//value可能是普通的字符串
query.setParameter(key, value);
}
}
}
}
/**
* @param hql
* @return
* 拼装符合条件的总数
*/
public String getCountHql(String hql) {
int fromIndex=hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FROM");
return "select count(*)"+hql.substring(fromIndex);
}
/**
* @param hql
* @param pageBean
* @param paMap
* @param session
* @return
* 基于hql的通用查询方法
*/
public List executeQuery(String hql,PageBean pageBean,Map<String, Object> paMap,Session session) {
List list=null;
Query query=null;
if(pageBean!=null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
//查询符合条件的总记录数
String countHql=getCountHql(hql);
Query countQuery=session.createQuery(countHql);
this.setParam(countQuery, paMap);
pageBean.setTotal(countQuery.getSingleResult().toString());
//返回符合条件的记录
query=session.createQuery(hql);
this.setParam(query, paMap);
query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
list=query.list();
}else {
query=session.createQuery(hql);
this.setParam(query, paMap);
list=query.list();
}
return list;
}
}
其次还需要再BookDao中再写一个简化代码之后的方法
/**
* @param book
* @param pageBean
* @return
* 基于baseDao的plus
*/
public List<Book> listPlus(Book book,PageBean pageBean){
Session session=SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
// Transaction transaction=session.beginTransaction();
String hql="from Book where 1=1 ";
String bname=book.getBookName();
//这个map是jsp自动传递过来的,不需要手写
Map<String, Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bname)) {
hql+=" and bookName like :bookName";
map.put("bookName", bname);
}
Query query=session.createQuery(hql );
List list=super.executeQuery(hql, pageBean, map, session);
// transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
- 最后在HQLTest中进行测试
@Test
public void testList11() {
Book book=new Book();
PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
pageBean.setPagination(false);
// pageBean.setPage(2);
// book.setBookName("%圣墟%");
List<Book> list=this.bookDao.listPlus(book, pageBean);
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
- 测试结果
模糊查询:book.setBookName("%圣墟%");
前五条数据
第二页的前五条数据:pageBean.setPage(2);
不分页的查询所有数据:pageBean.setPagination(false);