jwt

一. JWT是什么

JSON Web Token (JWT)，它是目前最流行的跨域身份验证解决方案

二. 为什么使用JWT

JWT的精髓在于：“去中心化”，数据是保存在客户端的。

三. JWT的工作原理

1. 是在服务器身份验证之后，将生成一个JSON对象并将其发送回用户，示例如下：
   {“UserName”: “Chongchong”,“Role”: “Admin”,“Expire”: “2018-08-08 20:15:56”}

2. 之后，当用户与服务器通信时，客户在请求中发回JSON对象

3. 为了防止用户篡改数据，服务器将在生成对象时添加签名，并对发回的数据进行验证

传统开发对资源的访问限制利用session完成图解

jwt所解决的问题及机制

UserAction(请求Java后端的一段代码，生成一个token令牌（jwt）)

package com.zking.vue.web;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.zking.base.web.BaseAction;
import com.zking.vue.biz.UserBiz;
import com.zking.vue.entity.User;
import com.zking.vue.util.JsonData;
import com.zking.vue.util.JwtUtils;
import com.zking.vue.util.PageBean;
import com.zking.vue.util.ResponseUtil;
import com.zking.vue.util.StringUtils;

public class UserAction extends BaseAction implements ModelDriven<User>{

	private UserBiz userBiz;
	private User user = new User();

	public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
		return userBiz;
	}

	public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
		this.userBiz = userBiz;
	}
	 
	public String login() {
		ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
		JsonData jsonData = null;
		try {
			if(StringUtils.isBlank(user.getUname()) || StringUtils.isBlank(user.getPwd())) {
				jsonData = new JsonData(0, "用户或者密码为空", user);
			}else {
				User u = this.userBiz.login(user);
                Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<String, Object>();
				claims.put("uname",user.getUname());
				claims.put("pwd", user.getPwd());
				String jwt = JwtUtils.createJwt(claims, JwtUtils.JWT_WEB_TTL);
				response.setHeader(JwtUtils.JWT_HEADER_KEY, jwt);
				jsonData = new JsonData(1, "登录成功", u);
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			jsonData = new JsonData(0, "用户或者密码错误", user);
		}finally {
			try {
				ResponseUtil.write(response, om.writeValueAsString(jsonData));
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		
		return null;
	}
	
	public String getAsyncData() {
		ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
		try {
			Thread.sleep(6000);
			ResponseUtil.write(response, om.writeValueAsString("http://www.javaxl.com"));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public User getModel() {
		return user;
	}
}

CorsFiler(默认的情况下在response Headers是不能添加jwt的键值对信息，只有在过滤器中添加以下代码，才能处理jwt的信息)

package com.zking.vue.util;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 配置tomcat允许跨域访问
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class CorsFilter implements Filter {

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
	}

	// @Override
	// public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse
	// servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain)
	// throws IOException, ServletException {
	// HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
	//
	// // Access-Control-Allow-Origin就是我们需要设置的域名
	// // Access-Control-Allow-Headers跨域允许包含的头。
	// // Access-Control-Allow-Methods是允许的请求方式
	// httpResponse.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");// *,任何域名
	// httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, GET, PUT,
	// DELETE");
	// // httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Origin,
	// // X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept");
	//
	// // 允许请求头Token
	// httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers",
	// "Origin,X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, Token");
	// HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
	// System.out.println("Token=" + req.getHeader("Token"));
	// if("OPTIONS".equals(req.getMethod())) {
	// return;
	// }
	//
	//
	// filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
	// }

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain)
			throws IOException, ServletException {
		HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
		HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;

		// Access-Control-Allow-Origin就是我们需要设置的域名
		// Access-Control-Allow-Headers跨域允许包含的头。
		// Access-Control-Allow-Methods是允许的请求方式
		resp.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");// *,任何域名
		resp.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, GET, PUT, DELETE");
		// resp.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Origin,X-Requested-With,
		// Content-Type, Accept");
		// 允许客户端，发一个新的请求头jwt
		resp.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Origin,X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, jwt");

		// 允许客户端，处理一个新的响应头jwt
		resp.setHeader("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", "jwt");
		// String sss = resp.getHeader("Access-Control-Expose-Headers");
		// System.out.println("sss=" + sss);

		// 允许请求头Token
		// httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers","Origin,X-Requested-With,
		// Content-Type, Accept, Token");
		// System.out.println("Token=" + req.getHeader("Token"));

		if ("OPTIONS".equals(req.getMethod())) {// axios的ajax会发两次请求，第一次提交方式为：option，直接返回即可
			return;
		}
		filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
	}

	@Override
	public void destroy() {

	}
}

jwtFilter(private boolean OFF = false;// true关闭jwt令牌验证功能)

package com.zking.vue.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;

/**
 * * JWT验证过滤器，配置顺序 ：CorsFilte-->JwtFilter-->struts2中央控制器
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class JwtFilter implements Filter {

	// 排除的URL，一般为登陆的URL(请改成自己登陆的URL)
	private static String EXCLUDE = "^/vue/userAction_login\\.action?.*$";

	private static Pattern PATTERN = Pattern.compile(EXCLUDE);

	private boolean OFF = false;// true关闭jwt令牌验证功能

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
	}

	@Override
	public void destroy() {
	}

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
			throws IOException, ServletException {
		HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
		HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
		String path = req.getServletPath();
		if (OFF || isExcludeUrl(path)) {// 登陆直接放行
			chain.doFilter(request, response);
			return;
		}

		// 从客户端请求头中获得令牌并验证
		String jwt = req.getHeader(JwtUtils.JWT_HEADER_KEY);
		Claims claims = this.validateJwtToken(jwt);
		if (null == claims) {
			// resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
			resp.sendError(403, "JWT令牌已过期或已失效");
			return;
		} else {
			String newJwt = JwtUtils.copyJwt(jwt, JwtUtils.JWT_WEB_TTL);
			resp.setHeader(JwtUtils.JWT_HEADER_KEY, newJwt);
			chain.doFilter(request, response);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 验证jwt令牌，验证通过返回声明(包括公有和私有)，返回null则表示验证失败
	 */
	private Claims validateJwtToken(String jwt) {
		Claims claims = null;
		try {
			if (null != jwt) {
				claims = JwtUtils.parseJwt(jwt);
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return claims;
	}

	/**
	 * 是否为排除的URL
	 * 
	 * @param path
	 * @return
	 */
	private boolean isExcludeUrl(String path) {
		Matcher matcher = PATTERN.matcher(path);
		return matcher.matches();
	}

	// public static void main(String[] args) {
	// String path = "/sys/userAction_doLogin.action?username=zs&password=123";
	// Matcher matcher = PATTERN.matcher(path);
	// boolean b = matcher.matches();
	// System.out.println(b);
	// }

}

打开jwt令牌验证功能效果显示：

直接进入页面不显示数据的操作
http.js

/**
 * vue项目对axios的全局配置
 */
import axios from 'axios'
import qs from 'qs'

//引入action模块，并添加至axios的类属性urls上
import action from '@/api/action'
axios.urls = action

// axios默认配置
axios.defaults.timeout = 10000; // 超时时间
// axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://localhost:8080/j2ee15'; // 默认地址
axios.defaults.baseURL = action.SERVER;

//整理数据
// 只适用于 POST,PUT,PATCH，transformRequest` 允许在向服务器发送前，修改请求数据
axios.defaults.transformRequest = function(data) {
	data = qs.stringify(data);
	return data;
};


// 请求拦截器
axios.interceptors.request.use(function(config) {
	var jwt = window.vm.$store.getters.getJwt;
	config.headers['jwt'] = jwt;
	return config;
}, function(error) {
	return Promise.reject(error);
});

// 响应拦截器
axios.interceptors.response.use(function(response) {
	// debugger;
	var jwt = response.headers['jwt'];
	if(jwt){
		window.vm.$store.commit('setJwt',{jwt:jwt});
	}
	return response;
}, function(error) {
	return Promise.reject(error);
});

// // 路由请求拦截
// // http request 拦截器
// axios.interceptors.request.use(
// 	config => {
// 		//config.data = JSON.stringify(config.data);  
// 		//config.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json;charset=UTF-8';
// 		//config.headers['Token'] = 'abcxyz';
// 		//判断是否存在ticket，如果存在的话，则每个http header都加上ticket
// 		// if (cookie.get("token")) {
// 		// 	//用户每次操作，都将cookie设置成2小时
// 		// 	cookie.set("token", cookie.get("token"), 1 / 12)
// 		// 	cookie.set("name", cookie.get("name"), 1 / 12)
// 		// 	config.headers.token = cookie.get("token");
// 		// 	config.headers.name = cookie.get("name");
// 		// }
// 		return config;
// 	},
// 	error => {
// 		return Promise.reject(error.response);
// 	});

// // 路由响应拦截
// // http response 拦截器
// axios.interceptors.response.use(
// 	response => {
// 		if (response.data.resultCode == "404") {
// 			console.log("response.data.resultCode是404")
// 			// 返回 错误代码-1 清除ticket信息并跳转到登录页面
// 			//      cookie.del("ticket")
// 			//      window.location.href='http://login.com'
// 			return
// 		} else {
// 			return response;
// 		}
// 	},
// 	error => {
// 		return Promise.reject(error.response) // 返回接口返回的错误信息
// 	});



export default axios;

state.js

export default{
	 resturantName:'飞歌餐馆',
	jwt:''
}

getters.js

export default{
	getResturantName:(state)=>{
		return state.resturantName;
	},
	getJwt:(state)=>{
		return state.jwt;
	}
}

mutations.js

export default{
	setResturantName:(state,payload)=>{
		state.resturantName=payload.resturantName
	},
	setJwt:(state,payload)=>{
		state.jwt=payload.jwt
	}
}

（http://localhost:8088/#/sys/Articles）直接进入网页显示：