一.标签语言特点
- 一个正确的标签样式：<开始标签 属性=“属性值”>标签体</结束标签>
- 空标签是指：
<br/> <hr/>
<开始标签></结束标签>
<开始标签/>
- 标签类别：
3.1 UI标签（out）
特点：显示数据，并且数据不是来源于标签体的，而是来源于jsp标签本身
package com.xfz.jsp;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
/**
* @author ld
* 属于UI标签（需要展示效果，是依靠标签属性展示页面效果）
* JspWriter
*/
public class OutTag extends BodyTagSupport{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 7467947353662832662L;
private Object value;
public Object getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(Object value) {
this.value = value;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
JspWriter out=pageContext.getOut();
try {
out.print(value);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return super.doStartTag();
}
}
3.2 控制标签（if/foreach）
特点：控制的对象是标签体
package com.xfz.jsp.entity;
public class Teacher {
private String tid;
private String tname;
public String getTid() {
return tid;
}
public void setTid(String tid) {
this.tid = tid;
}
public String getTname() {
return tname;
}
public void setTname(String tname) {
this.tname = tname;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Teacher [tid=" + tid + ", tname=" + tname + "]";
}
public Teacher(String tid, String tname) {
super();
this.tid = tid;
this.tname = tname;
}
public Teacher() {
super();
}
}
if
package com.xfz.jsp;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
/**
* @author ld
* 控制标签（页面展示效果依赖的是标签体）
*/
public class IfTag extends BodyTagSupport{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 670444363239071023L;
private boolean text;
public boolean isText() {
return text;
}
public void setText(boolean text) {
this.text = text;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
//如果是true就走第二条线EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE ：(计算标签体)如果是为false的话就跳过标签体
return text?EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE:SKIP_BODY;
}
}
foreach
package com.xfz.jsp;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
public class ForeachTag extends BodyTagSupport{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 7065748134972609516L;
private String var;
private List<Object> items=new ArrayList();
public String getVar() {
return var;
}
public void setVar(String var) {
this.var = var;
}
public List<Object> getItems() {
return items;
}
public void setItems(List<Object> items) {
this.items = items;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
Iterator<Object> it=items.iterator();
//下移
pageContext.setAttribute(var, it.next());
//将当前迭代器所遍历的状态传到下一个方法
pageContext.setAttribute("it", it);
return EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
}
@Override
public int doAfterBody() throws JspException {
//拿到整个迭代器的状态 获取原来状态迭代器，而非新创建一个迭代器
Iterator<Object> it=(Iterator<Object>) pageContext.getAttribute("it");
if(it.hasNext()) {
//如果为true的话那就循环继续转
pageContext.setAttribute(var, it.next());
pageContext.setAttribute("it", it);
return EVAL_BODY_AGAIN;
}else {
//如果为false的话就继续计算页面
return EVAL_PAGE;
}
}
}
3.3 数据标签（set）
特点：存储数据，没有任何的页面效果
package com.xfz.jsp;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
/**
* @author ld
* 数据标签（不需要展示内容）
* 作用：将value值赋给变量var
*/
public class SetTag extends BodyTagSupport{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 7467947353662832662L;
private String var;
private Object value;
public String getVar() {
return var;
}
public void setVar(String var) {
this.var = var;
}
public Object getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(Object value) {
this.value = value;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
//测试值，把value赋值给var
pageContext.setAttribute(var, value);
return SKIP_BODY;
}
}
总的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<description>JSTL 1.1 core library</description>
<display-name>JSTL core</display-name>
<tlib-version>1.1</tlib-version>
<short-name>c</short-name>
<uri>/xiefuzhen</uri>
<tag>
<!-- 填写的是标签库中的标签名 -->
<name>demo</name>
<!-- 标签对应后台助手类 -->
<tag-class>com.xfz.jsp.DemoTag</tag-class>
<!-- 标签类别 -->
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<!-- 自定义标签中的属性 -->
<name>text</name>
<!-- 属性值是否必填 -->
<required>false</required>
<!-- 是否支持表达式EL表达式/ognl表达式 -->
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>set</name>
<tag-class>com.xfz.jsp.SetTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>var</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>value</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>out</name>
<tag-class>com.xfz.jsp.OutTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>value</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>if</name>
<tag-class>com.xfz.jsp.IfTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>text</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>foreach</name>
<tag-class>com.xfz.jsp.ForeachTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>var</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>items</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
显示页面
<%@page import="com.xfz.jsp.entity.Teacher"%>
<%@page import="java.util.ArrayList"%>
<%@page import="java.util.List"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="/xiefuzhen" prefix="fz"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%-- <fz:set var="name" value="zhangsan"></fz:set>
<fz:out value="${name}"></fz:out>
<fz:if text="true">lisi</fz:if>
<fz:if text="false">wangwu</fz:if> --%>
<%
List list=new ArrayList();
list.add(new Teacher("1","张三"));
list.add(new Teacher("2","李四"));
list.add(new Teacher("3","王五"));
pageContext.setAttribute("teas", list);
%>
<fz:foreach items="${teas}" var="t">
${t.tid},${t.tname}<br>
</fz:foreach>
</body>
</html>
foreach显示如下：
二.自定义标签的开发及使用步骤
- 创建一个标签助手类(继承BodyTagSupport)
标签属性必须助手类的属性对应、且要提供对应get/set方法
rtexprvalue - 创建标签库描述文件(tld)，添加自定义标签的配置
注：tld文件必须保存到WEB-INF目录或其子目录 - 在JSP通过taglib指令导入标签库，并通过指定后缀访问自定义标签
三.标签生命周期
周期图
SKIP_BODY：跳过主体
EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE：计算标签主体内容并[输出]
EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED：计算标签主体内容并[缓存]
EVAL_PAGE:计算页面的后续部分
SKIP_PAGE:跳过页面的后续部分
EVAL_BODY_AGAIN:再计算主体一次
四.示例
SelectTag
package com.xfz.jsp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;
/**
* @author ld
* 自定义select标签应该具备的功能
* 1.新增查询页面，只通过一个标签可以完成数据的绑定，而并非使用c:foreach循环绑定数据
* 2.修改页面，同样通过一个自定义标签完成数据的遍历展示，以及默认选中指定项
*
* 思考：
* 1.要往后台传值 id,name
* 2.定义数据库存储的对应的标签字段，前台页面展示的标签属性 textKey,textVal
* 3.定义下拉框的默认值 headerTextKey,headTextVal
* 4.下拉框需要加载数据 items
* 5.属性值接收数据库中保存的value值 selectedVal
*
* 属于UI标签
*/
public class SelectTag extends BodyTagSupport{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -7276231751850293767L;
private String id;
private String name;
private List<Object> items=new ArrayList();
private String textKey;
private String textVal;
private String headerTextKey;
private String headerTextVal;
private String selectedVal;
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
JspWriter out=pageContext.getOut();
try {
//之所以能够在页面上看到select下拉框的效果，原因在于后台做了html代码的拼接
out.print(toHTML());
} catch (IOException | NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException | IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return super.doStartTag();
}
private String toHTML() throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
String value="";
String html="";
sb.append("<select id='"+id+"' name='"+name+"'>");
if(!(headerTextKey==null || "".equals(headerTextKey) || headerTextVal==null || "".equals(headerTextVal))) {
sb.append("<option selected value='"+headerTextKey+"'>"+headerTextVal+"</option>");
}
//items==teas,textKey==tid,textVal==tname
for (Object obj : items) {
//1.底层代码
Field f=obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(textKey);
//访问权限
f.setAccessible(true);
value=(String) f.get(obj);
//2.第三方工具包
html=(String) PropertyUtils.getProperty(obj, textVal);
//考虑如果是修改页面需要下拉框回选数据库所存储的值
if(value.equals(selectedVal)) {
sb.append("<option selected value='"+value+"'>"+html+"</option>");
}else {
sb.append("<option value='"+value+"'>"+html+"</option>");
}
}
sb.append("</select>");
return sb.toString();
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public List<Object> getItems() {
return items;
}
public void setItems(List<Object> items) {
this.items = items;
}
public String getTextKey() {
return textKey;
}
public void setTextKey(String textKey) {
this.textKey = textKey;
}
public String getTextVal() {
return textVal;
}
public void setTextVal(String textVal) {
this.textVal = textVal;
}
public String getHeaderTextKey() {
return headerTextKey;
}
public void setHeaderTextKey(String headerTextKey) {
this.headerTextKey = headerTextKey;
}
public String getHeaderTextVal() {
return headerTextVal;
}
public void setHeaderTextVal(String headerTextVal) {
this.headerTextVal = headerTextVal;
}
public String getSelectedVal() {
return selectedVal;
}
public void setSelectedVal(String selectedVal) {
this.selectedVal = selectedVal;
}
}
tld文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<description>JSTL 1.1 core library</description>
<display-name>JSTL core</display-name>
<tlib-version>1.1</tlib-version>
<short-name>c</short-name>
<uri>/xiefuzhen</uri>
<tag>
<!-- 填写的是标签库中的标签名 -->
<name>demo</name>
<!-- 标签对应后台助手类 -->
<tag-class>com.xfz.jsp.DemoTag</tag-class>
<!-- 标签类别 -->
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<!-- 自定义标签中的属性 -->
<name>text</name>
<!-- 属性值是否必填 -->
<required>false</required>
<!-- 是否支持表达式EL表达式/ognl表达式 -->
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>set</name>
<tag-class>com.xfz.jsp.SetTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>var</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>value</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>out</name>
<tag-class>com.xfz.jsp.OutTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>value</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>if</name>
<tag-class>com.xfz.jsp.IfTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>text</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>foreach</name>
<tag-class>com.xfz.jsp.ForeachTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>var</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>items</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<name>select</name>
<tag-class>com.xfz.jsp.SelectTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>id</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>name</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>items</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>textKey</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>textVal</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>headerTextKey</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>headerTextVal</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>selectedVal</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
</taglib>
显示界面：
<%@page import="com.xfz.jsp.entity.Teacher"%>
<%@page import="java.util.ArrayList"%>
<%@page import="java.util.List"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="/xiefuzhen" prefix="fz"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%-- <fz:set var="name" value="zhangsan"></fz:set>
<fz:out value="${name}"></fz:out>
<fz:if text="true">lisi</fz:if>
<fz:if text="false">wangwu</fz:if> --%>
<%
List list=new ArrayList();
list.add(new Teacher("1","张三"));
list.add(new Teacher("2","李四"));
list.add(new Teacher("3","王五"));
pageContext.setAttribute("teas", list);
%>
<fz:foreach items="${teas}" var="t">
${t.tid},${t.tname}<br>
</fz:foreach>
<!-- <select id='' name=''>
<option value=''></option>
</select> -->
<%-- <h2>新增页面下拉框</h2>
<fz:select textVal="tname" items="${teas}" textKey="tid"></fz:select>
<fz:select headerTextKey="-1" headerTextVal="==请选择==" textVal="tname" items="${teas}" textKey="tid"></fz:select>
--%>
<h2>修改页面下拉框</h2>
<fz:select headerTextKey="-1" headerTextVal="==请选择==" textVal="tname" items="${teas}" textKey="tid" selectedVal="3"></fz:select>
</body>
</html>
<fz:select headerTextKey="-1" headerTextVal="==请选择==" textVal="tname" items="${teas}" textKey="tid"></fz:select>
前台显示如下：
<fz:select headerTextKey="-1" headerTextVal="==请选择==" textVal="tname" items="${teas}" textKey="tid" selectedVal="3"></fz:select>
前台显示如下：
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