mysql衔接函数-concat、concat_ws、group_concat

concat

concat(str1,str2,...)
注：其中一个字符串为null时，则只返回null

例：
CONCAT(13,14,520)----1314520
CONCAT(13,14,null)----null

concat_ws

concat_ws(separator,str1,str2,...)

例：
CONCAT_WS(':','13','14','520')----13:14:520

group_concat

group_concat(distinct 连接字段 order by 排序字段 asc/desc separator 连接符)

例：现有试卷作答记录表exam_record（uid用户ID, exam_id试卷ID, start_time开始作答时间, submit_time交卷时间, score得分）

id	uid	exam_id	start_time	submit_time	score
1	1001	9001	2021-07-02 09:01:01	2021-07-02 09:21:01	80
2	1002	9001	2021-09-05 19:01:01	2021-09-05 19:40:01	81
3	1002	9002	2021-09-02 12:01:01	(NULL)	(NULL)
4	1002	9003	2021-09-01 12:01:01	(NULL)	(NULL)
5	1002	9001	2021-07-02 19:01:01	2021-07-02 19:30:01	82
6	1002	9002	2021-07-05 18:01:01	2021-07-05 18:59:02	90
7	1003	9002	2021-07-06 12:01:01	(NULL)	(NULL)
8	1003	9003	2021-09-07 10:01:01	2021-09-07 10:31:01	86
9	1004	9003	2021-09-06 12:01:01	(NULL)	(NULL)
10	1002	9003	2021-09-01 12:01:01	2021-09-01 12:31:01	81
11	1005	9001	2021-09-01 12:01:01	2021-09-01 12:31:01	88
12	1005	9002	2021-09-01 12:01:01	2021-09-01 12:31:01	88
13	1006	9002	2021-09-02 12:11:01	2021-09-02 12:31:01	89

试卷信息表examination_info（exam_id试卷ID, tag试卷类别, difficulty试卷难度, duration考试时长, release_time发布时间）

id	exam_id	tag	difficulty	duration	release_time
1	9001	SQL	hard	60	2020-01-01 10:00:00
2	9002	SQL	easy	60	2020-02-01 10:00:00
3	9003	算法	medium	80	2020-08-02 10:00:00

示例结果：

uid	incomplete_cnt	complete_cnt	detail
1002	2	4	2021-09-01:算法;2021-07-02:SQL;2021-09-02:SQL;2021-09-05:SQL;2021-07-05:SQL

select uid,sum(if(submit_time is null,1,0)) as incomplete_cnt,sum(if(submit_time is null,0,1)) as complete_cnt,group_concat(distinct concat_ws(':', date(start_time), tag) SEPARATOR ';') as detail
from exam_record,examination_info
where exam_record.exam_id = examination_info.exam_id
group by uid
having incomplete_cnt > 1
order by incomplete_cnt DESC