传统集合类在并发访问时的问题及Java5提供的同步集合类

  

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1.传统集合类在并发访问时的问题说明，见例子程序
   2.传统方式下用Collections工具类提供的synchronizedCollection方法来获得同步集合，分析该方法的实现源码。
   3.传统方式下的Collection在迭代集合时，不允许对集合进行修改。
       (1)用空中网面试的同步级线程题进行演示
       (2)根据AbstractList的checkForComodification方法的源码，分析产生ConcurrentModificationException异常的原因。
       (3)Java5中提供了如下一些同步集合类：
   4.通过看java.util.concurrent包下的介绍可以知道有哪些并发集合
       (1)ConcurrentHashMap
       (2)CopyOnWriteArrayList
       (3)CopyOnWriteArraySet

例子程序:

package edu.java5.util;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
public class CollectionModifyException {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//将ArrayList改为CopyOnWriteArrayList,则不会出现以下情况
		Collection users = new ArrayList();
		//Collection users = new CopyOnWriteArrayList();
		users.add(new User("张三",28));	
		users.add(new User("李四",25));			
		users.add(new User("王五",31));	
		Iterator itrUsers = users.iterator();
		while(itrUsers.hasNext()){
			User user = (User)itrUsers.next();
			if("张三".equals(user.getName())){    //代码1
				/**
				 * 注意比较这两种的区别
				 *    users.remove(user)操作可能会引起异常，集合中的数据会被删除 
				 *    itrUsers.remove()操作不会引起异常，集合中的数据会被删除
				 **/
				users.remove(user);  //代码2
				//itrUsers.remove(); //代码3
			} else {
				System.out.println(user);				
			}
		}
		System.out.println(users.size());
	}
}	 

（1）代码1处为 if("张三".equals(user.getName())){   执行:

   Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
       at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.checkForComodification(AbstractList.java:372)
       at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.next(AbstractList.java:343)
       at edu.java5.util.CollectionModifyException.main(CollectionModifyException.java:16)
（2）代码1处为 if("李四".equals(user.getName())){  执行:

   {name:'张三',age:28}
   2
（3）代码1处为 if("王五".equals(user.getName())){  执行:
   {name:'张三',age:28}
   {name:'李四',age:25}
   Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
       at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.checkForComodification(AbstractList.java:372)
       at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.next(AbstractList.java:343)
       at edu.java5.util.CollectionModifyException.main(CollectionModifyException.java:16)

（4）注释掉代码2，去掉代码3的注释 执行:

   {name:'张三',age:28}
   {name:'李四',age:25}
   2

（1）（2）（3）异常现象原因:

 private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
	/**
	 * Index of element to be returned by subsequent call to next.
	 */
	int cursor = 0;                     //代码

	/**
	 * Index of element returned by most recent call to next or
	 * previous.  Reset to -1 if this element is deleted by a call
	 * to remove.
	 */
	int lastRet = -1;

	/**
	 * The modCount value that the iterator believes that the backing
	 * List should have.  If this expectation is violated, the iterator
	 * has detected concurrent modification.
	 */
	int expectedModCount = modCount;      //代码

	public boolean hasNext() {
            return cursor != size();           //代码
	}

	public E next() {
            checkForComodification();
	    try {
		E next = get(cursor);
		lastRet = cursor++;             //代码
		return next;
	    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
		checkForComodification();
		throw new NoSuchElementException();
	    }
	}

	public void remove() {
	    if (lastRet == -1)
		throw new IllegalStateException();
            checkForComodification();          //代码

	    try {
		AbstractList.this.remove(lastRet);
		if (lastRet < cursor)
		    cursor--;
		lastRet = -1;
		expectedModCount = modCount;
	    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
		throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
	    }
	}

	final void checkForComodification() {            
	    if (modCount != expectedModCount)    //代码
		throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
	}
    }