MySQL实战

MySQL实战

数据导入导出

  • 将之前创建的任意一张MySQL表导出,且是CSV格式
  • 再将CSV表导入数据库

项目七:各部门工资最高的员工(难度:中等)

创建 Employee 表,包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。
±—±------±-------±-------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
±—±------±-------±-------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
±—±------±-------±-------------+
创建 Department 表,包含公司所有部门的信息。
±—±---------+
| Id | Name |
±—±---------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
±—±---------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资,Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。
±-----------±---------±-------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
±-----------±---------±-------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
±-----------±---------±-------+

解决:

#创建表Employee
mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Employee(
    -> Id INT(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    -> Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    -> Salary INT(6) NOT NULL,
    -> DepartmentId INT(1) NOT NULL,
    -> PRIMARY KEY (Id)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO Employee(Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId)
    -> VALUES(1, 'Joe', 70000, 1),(2, 'Henry', 80000, 2), (3, 'Sam', 60000, 2), (4, 'Max', 90000, 1);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.09 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM Employee
    -> ;
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
|  1 | Joe   |  70000 |            1 |
|  2 | Henry |  80000 |            2 |
|  3 | Sam   |  60000 |            2 |
|  4 | Max   |  90000 |            1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#创建表Department
mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Department(
    -> Id INT(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    ->  Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    -> PRIMARY KEY (Id)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO Department(Id, Name)
    -> VALUES(1, 'IT'), (2, 'Sales');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM Department;
+----+-------+
| Id | Name  |
+----+-------+
|  1 | IT    |
|  2 | Sales |
+----+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#处理
mysql> SELECT Department.Name as Department,Employee.Name as Employee,max(Employee.Salary) as Salary FROM Employee,Department where Employee.DepartmentId=Department.Id GROUP BY Employee.DepartmentId;
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      |  90000 |
| Sales      | Henry    |  80000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

项目八:换座位(难度:中等)

小美是一所中学的信息科技老师,她有一张 seat 座位表,平时用来储存学生名字和与他们相对应的座位 id。
其中纵列的 id 是连续递增的
小美想改变相邻俩学生的座位。
你能不能帮她写一个 SQL query 来输出小美想要的结果呢?
请创建如下所示 seat 表:
示例:
±--------±--------+
| id | student |
±--------±--------+
| 1 | Abbot |
| 2 | Doris |
| 3 | Emerson |
| 4 | Green |
| 5 | Jeames |
±--------±--------+
假如数据输入的是上表,则输出结果如下:
±--------±--------+
| id | student |
±--------±--------+
| 1 | Doris |
| 2 | Abbot |
| 3 | Green |
| 4 | Emerson |
| 5 | Jeames |
±--------±--------+
注意:
如果学生人数是奇数,则不需要改变最后一个同学的座位。

解决:

#创建表seat
mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS seat(
    -> id INT(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    -> student VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    -> PRIMARY KEY (id)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO seat(id, student)
    -> VALUES(1, 'Abbot'), (2, 'Doris'), (3, 'Emerson'), (4, 'Green'), (5, 'Jeames');
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.12 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM seat;
+----+---------+
| id | student |
+----+---------+
|  1 | Abbot   |
|  2 | Doris   |
|  3 | Emerson |
|  4 | Green   |
|  5 | Jeames  |
+----+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#解决
mysql> SELECT (CASE WHEN MOD(id, 2)=1 AND id=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM seat) THEN id WHEN MOD(id, 2)=1 THEN id+1 ELSE id-1 END) AS id, student FROM seat ORDER BY id;
+----+---------+
| id | student |
+----+---------+
|  1 | Doris   |
|  2 | Abbot   |
|  3 | Green   |
|  4 | Emerson |
|  5 | Jeames  |
+----+---------+
5 rows in set (0.03 sec)

项目九: 分数排名(难度:中等)

编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。
创建以下 score 表:
±—±------+
| Id | Score |
±—±------+
| 1 | 3.50 |
| 2 | 3.65 |
| 3 | 4.00 |
| 4 | 3.85 |
| 5 | 4.00 |
| 6 | 3.65 |
±—±------+
例如,根据上述给定的 scores 表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):
±------±-----+
| Score | Rank |
±------±-----+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 2 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.50 | 4 |
±------±-----+

解决:

#创建表score
mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS score(
    -> Id INT(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    -> Score FLOAT(3) NOT NULL,
    -> PRIMARY KEY (Id)
    ->
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO score(Id, Score)
    -> VALUES(1, 3.50), (2, 3.65), (3, 4.00), (4, 3.85), (5, 4.00), (6, 3.65);
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 6  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM score;
+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
|  1 |   3.5 |
|  2 |  3.65 |
|  3 |     4 |
|  4 |  3.85 |
|  5 |     4 |
|  6 |  3.65 |
+----+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#解决
mysql> SELECT Score, (SELECT count(DISTINCT Score) FROM score WHERE Score > s.Score) AS Ranks FROM Score s ORDER BY Score DESC;
+-------+-------+
| Score | Ranks |
+-------+-------+
|     4 |     1 |
|     4 |     1 |
|  3.85 |     2 |
|  3.65 |     3 |
|  3.65 |     3 |
|   3.5 |     4 |
+-------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

复杂项目

项目十:行程和用户(难度:困难)

Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id,Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型,枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。
±—±----------±----------±--------±-------------------±---------+
| Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id | Status |Request_at|
±—±----------±----------±--------±-------------------±---------+
| 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-01|
| 2 | 2 | 11 | 1 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-01|
| 3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-01|
| 4 | 4 | 13 | 6 | cancelled_by_client|2013-10-01|
| 5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 6 | 2 | 11 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 7 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 8 | 2 | 12 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03|
| 9 | 3 | 10 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03|
| 10 | 4 | 13 | 12 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-03|
±—±----------±----------±--------±-------------------±---------+
Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止,Role 则是一个表示(‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’)的枚举类型。
±---------±-------±-------+
| Users_Id | Banned | Role |
±---------±-------±-------+
| 1 | No | client |
| 2 | Yes | client |
| 3 | No | client |
| 4 | No | client |
| 10 | No | driver |
| 11 | No | driver |
| 12 | No | driver |
| 13 | No | driver |
±---------±-------±-------+
写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日 至 2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表,你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果,取消率(Cancellation Rate)保留两位小数。
±-----------±------------------+
| Day | Cancellation Rate |
±-----------±------------------+
| 2013-10-01 | 0.33 |
| 2013-10-02 | 0.00 |
| 2013-10-03 | 0.50 |
±-----------±------------------+

解决

#创建表Trips
CREATE TABLE Trips (
  Id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  Client_Id INT NOT NULL,
  Driver_Id INT NOT NULL,
  City_Id INT NOT NULL,
  Status ENUM('completed', 'cancelled_by_driver','cancelled_by_client'),
  Request_at DATE,
  foreign key(Client_Id) references Users(Users_Id),
  foreign key(Driver_Id) references Users(Users_Id)
);

# 创建表Users
CREATE TABLE Users (
	Users_Id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
	Banned VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL,
	Role ENUM('client', 'driver','partner')
);


#插入Trips数据
INSERT INTO Trips VALUES (1,1,10,1,'completed','2013-10-01');
INSERT INTO Trips VALUES (2,2,11,1,'cancelled_by_driver','2013-10-01');
INSERT INTO Trips VALUES (3,3,12,6,'completed','2013-10-01');
INSERT INTO Trips VALUES (4,4,13,6,'cancelled_by_client','2013-10-01');
INSERT INTO Trips VALUES (5,1,10,1,'completed','2013-10-02');
INSERT INTO Trips VALUES (6,2,11,6,'completed','2013-10-02');
INSERT INTO Trips VALUES (7,3,12,6,'completed','2013-10-02');
INSERT INTO Trips VALUES (8,2,12,12,'completed','2013-10-03');
INSERT INTO Trips VALUES (9,3,10,12,'completed','2013-10-03');
INSERT INTO Trips VALUES (10,4,13,12,'cancelled_by_driver','2013-10-03');

#插入Users数据
INSERT INTO Users VALUES (1,'No','client');
INSERT INTO Users VALUES (2,'Yes','client');
INSERT INTO Users VALUES (3,'No','client');
INSERT INTO Users VALUES (4,'No','client');
INSERT INTO Users VALUES (10,'No','driver');
INSERT INTO Users VALUES (11,'No','driver');
INSERT INTO Users VALUES (12,'No','driver');
INSERT INTO Users VALUES (13,'No','driver');

#解答
SELECT T2.DAY,IFNULL(ROUND((T1.num/T2.num),2),0) AS 'Cancellation Rate'
FROM
(SELECT Request_at Day,count(*) num
	FROM Trips t
	LEFT JOIN Users u
	ON t.client_id = u.users_id
  WHERE u.banned != 'Yes'
  AND t.status != 'completed'
  AND Request_at between '2013-10-01' AND '2013-10-03'
	GROUP BY 1) AS T1
RIGHT JOIN
 (SELECT Request_at Day,count(*) num
	FROM Trips t
	LEFT JOIN Users u
	ON t.client_id = u.users_id
  WHERE u.banned != 'Yes'
  AND Request_at between '2013-10-01' AND '2013-10-03'
	GROUP BY 1) AS T2
  ON T1.DAY = T2.DAY

项目十一:各部门前3高工资的员工(难度:中等)

将项目7中的 employee 表清空,重新插入以下数据(其实是多插入5,6两行):
±—±------±-------±-------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
±—±------±-------±-------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
| 5 | Janet | 69000 | 1 |
| 6 | Randy | 85000 | 1 |
±—±------±-------±-------------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资前三高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,查询结果应返回:
±-----------±---------±-------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
±-----------±---------±-------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| IT | Randy | 85000 |
| IT | Joe | 70000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
| Sales | Sam | 60000 |
±-----------±---------±-------+

此外,请考虑实现各部门前N高工资的员工功能。

解决

#清空表
mysql> DELETE FROM Employee;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO Employee(Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId)
    -> VALUES(1, 'Joe', 70000, 1),(2, 'Henry', 80000, 2), (3, 'Sam', 60000, 2), (4, 'Max', 90000, 1), (5, 'Janet', 69000, 1), (6, 'Randy', 85000, 1);
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 6  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM Employee;
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
|  1 | Joe   |  70000 |            1 |
|  2 | Henry |  80000 |            2 |
|  3 | Sam   |  60000 |            2 |
|  4 | Max   |  90000 |            1 |
|  5 | Janet |  69000 |            1 |
|  6 | Randy |  85000 |            1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#解决
mysql> SELECT
    -> d. name AS Department,
    -> e. name AS Employee,
    -> e.salary AS Salary
    -> FROM employee AS e
    -> INNER JOIN department AS d ON e.DepartmentId = d.id
    -> WHERE (
    ->   SELECT count(DISTINCT salary)
    -> FROM employee
    -> WHERE salary > e.salary
    -> AND departmentid = e.DepartmentId
    -> ) < 3
    -> ORDER BY e.departmentid,Salary DESC;
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      |  90000 |
| IT         | Randy    |  85000 |
| IT         | Joe      |  70000 |
| Sales      | Henry    |  80000 |
| Sales      | Sam      |  60000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

项目十二:分数排名 - (难度:中等)

依然是昨天的分数表,实现排名功能,但是排名是非连续的,如下:
±------±-----+
| Score | Rank |
±------±-----+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 4 |
| 3.65 | 4 |
| 3.50 | 6 |
±------±-----

解决

mysql> SELECT s.Score,
    -> (SELECT COUNT(*) + 1 FROM Score AS ss WHERE ss.Score > s.Score) AS Ranks
    -> FROM score s
    -> ORDER BY Score DESC;
+-------+-------+
| Score | Ranks |
+-------+-------+
|     4 |     1 |
|     4 |     1 |
|  3.85 |     3 |
|  3.65 |     4 |
|  3.65 |     4 |
|   3.5 |     6 |
+-------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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