集合的排序方式？

Java.util 包中的 List 接口继承了 Collection 接口，用来存放对象集合，当对这些对象进行排序的时候，要么让对象类自己实现同类对象的比较，要么借助比较器进行比较排序。下面几个示例中对年龄进行排序：

实现 Comparable 接口

public class AppDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student1 = new Student("张三", 20);
        Student student2 = new Student("李四", 25);
        Student student3 = new Student("王五", 22);
        Student student4 = new Student("赵六", 21);
        Student student5 = new Student("钱七", 23);
        Student student6 = new Student("孙八", 24);


        List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(student1);
        list.add(student2);
        list.add(student3);
        list.add(student4);
        list.add(student5);
        list.add(student6);

        System.out.println("排序前：" + list);

        Collections.sort(list);
        System.out.println("排序后：" + list);
    }
}


@Data
@AllArgsConstructor 
class Student implements Comparable<Student> {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Student o) {
        return this.age.compareTo(o.age);
    }
}

结果

排序前：[Student(name=张三, age=20), Student(name=李四, age=25), Student(name=王五, age=22), Student(name=赵六, age=21), Student(name=钱七, age=23), Student(name=孙八, age=24)]
排序后：[Student(name=张三, age=20), Student(name=赵六, age=21), Student(name=王五, age=22), Student(name=钱七, age=23), Student(name=孙八, age=24), Student(name=李四, age=25)]

使用 Comparator 排序

public class AppDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student1 = new Student("张三", 20);
        Student student2 = new Student("李四", 25);
        Student student3 = new Student("王五", 22);
        Student student4 = new Student("赵六", 21);
        Student student5 = new Student("钱七", 23);
        Student student6 = new Student("孙八", 24);


        List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(student1);
        list.add(student2);
        list.add(student3);
        list.add(student4);
        list.add(student5);
        list.add(student6);


        System.out.println("排序前：" + list);

        // Collections.sort(list, Comparator.comparing(Student::getAge));
        
        Collections.sort(list, (o1, o2) -> {
            return o1.getAge().compareTo(o2.getAge());
        });
        System.out.println("排序后：" + list);


    }
}


@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
class Student {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

使用 Stream 排序

底层还是通过 Comparable 实现的

public class AppDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student1 = new Student("张三", 20);
        Student student2 = new Student("李四", 25);
        Student student3 = new Student("王五", 22);
        Student student4 = new Student("赵六", 21);
        Student student5 = new Student("钱七", 23);
        Student student6 = new Student("孙八", 24);


        List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(student1);
        list.add(student2);
        list.add(student3);
        list.add(student4);
        list.add(student5);
        list.add(student6);


        System.out.println("排序前：" + list);

        // 如果Student实现了Comparable
        // List<Student> list2 = list.stream().sorted().collect(Collectors.toList());

        // 如果Student没有实现Comparable
        List<Student> list2 = list.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Student::getAge)).collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.println("排序后：" + list2);


    }
}


@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
class Student {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

}

有了Comparable为什么还需要Comparator？

Comparable用于使某个类具备可排序能力。如之前的Student类，实现该接口后覆盖其compareTo方法，即可具备可排序的能力。

但是仍然存在一些二方库的类没有实现Comparable，但是调用方也需要比较的，此时就需要使用Comparator接口。

Comparator是一个比较器接口，可以用来给不具备排序能力的对象进行排序。