x86 hello world(qemu bootloader)

boot loader的基础

x86芯片总是从16位实模式启动，bios依次查找

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32508919/how-to-produce-a-minimal-bios-hello-world-boot-sector-with-gcc-that-works-from-a

初始情况下，int 0x10中断向控制台输出寄存器al指向中的字符，lodsb指令可以将字符从si指向加载到al中，并移动一个字节。

lodsb -> al=*si++

nasm(intel 语法)

org 0x7C00                      ; BIOS loads our programm at this address
bits 16                         ; We're working at 16-bit mode here

start:
;;	cli                     ; Disable the interrupts
	mov si, msg             ; SI now points to our message
	mov ah, 0x0E            ; Indicate BIOS we're going to print chars
.loop	lodsb                   ; Loads SI into AL and increments SI [next char]
	or al, al               ; Checks if the end of the string,i.e. '\0'
	jz halt                 ; Jump to halt if the end
	int 0x10                ; Otherwise, call interrupt for printing the char
	jmp .loop               ; Next iteration of the loop

halt:	hlt                     ; CPU command to halt the execution
        cli
        jmp  halt
msg:	db "Hello, World!", 0   ; Our actual message to print

;; Magic numbers
times 510 - ($ - $$) db 0
dw 0xAA55

编译：nasm boot.asm -f bin -o boot.bin

ANSI语法

https://50linesofco.de/post/2018-02-28-writing-an-x86-hello-world-bootloader-with-assembly

.code16 # tell the assembler that we're using 16 bit mode
.global init # makes our label "init" available to the outside

init: # this is the beginning of our binary later.
   # do anyting you want
  jmp init # jump to "init"
 
.fill 510-(.-init), 1, 0 # add zeroes to make it 510 bytes long
.word 0xaa55 # magic bytes that tell BIOS that this is bootable

编译、连接、抽取二进制

as -o boot.o boot.s
ld -o boot.bin --oformat binary -e init boot.o

启动:

qemu-system-x86_64 boot.bin # 	等价于 -hda boot.bin
qemu-system-x86_64 -hda boot.bin # 	等价于 -hda boot.bin
qemu-system-i386 boot.bin

# macos 加上-nographic
qemu-system-i386 -nographic boot.bin

从qemu退出

Exit from QEMU
First press Ctrl+a then press c to get to qemu console then enter quit to exist.

gdb调试

开启监听：

# -S 首行hang住，等待gdb连接
# -s 监听tcp:1234端口
qemu-system-i386 boot.bin -s -S

连接调试：

# -ex 启动执行的命令
# -ex 'set architecture i8086' 显示指令时使用16位
gdb -ex 'target remote :1234' -ex 'set architecture i8086'

# break *0x7c00  # 设置地址断点
# x/20i 0x7c00   # 打印20条指令
# x/10c 0x7c12   # 打印字符串，0x7c12是hello world的存放地址

macos

无法启动：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58318920/qemu-not-responding-after-upgrading-to-macos-catalina

加上-nographic标志即可解决。