Unix环境ls命令实现

#include "apue.h"
#include "myerror.h"
#include <dirent.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	DIR* dp;
	struct dirent* dirp;
	if (argc != 2)
	{
		err_quit("usage: ls directory_name");
	}
	if ((dp = opendir(argv[1])) == NULL)
	{
		err_sys("can't open %s", argv[1]);
	}
	while ((dirp = readdir(dp)) != NULL)
	{
		printf("%s\n", dirp->d_name);
	}
	closedir(dp);
	exit(0);
}

DIR结构体定义：
struct __dirstream   
{   
    void *__fd;    
    char *__data;    
    int __entry_data;    
    char *__ptr;    
    int __entry_ptr;    
    size_t __allocation;    
    size_t __size;    
    __libc_lock_define (, __lock)    
};   
typedef struct __dirstream DIR; 

struct dirent   
{   
　long d_ino; /* inode number 索引节点号 */  　   
    off_t d_off; /* offset to this dirent 在目录文件中的偏移 */  
    unsigned short d_reclen; /* length of this d_name 文件名长 */  
    unsigned char d_type; /* the type of d_name 文件类型 */  
    char d_name [NAME_MAX+1]; /* file name (null-terminated) 文件名，最长255字符 */  
}  

 

//DIR结构体类似于FILE，是一个内部结构，以下几个函数用这个内部结构保存当前正在被读取的目录的有关信息。
DIR *opendir(const char *pathname)；
struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dp);   
void rewinddir(DIR *dp);   
int closedir(DIR *dp);   
long telldir(DIR *dp);    
void seekdir(DIR *dp,long loc);  

//头文件apue.h
#ifndef _APUE_H     
#define _APUE_H     
    
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE   600  /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */     
    
#include <sys/types.h>       /* some systems still require this */     
#include <sys/stat.h>     
#include <sys/termios.h>     /* for winsize */     
#ifndef TIOCGWINSZ     
#include <sys/ioctl.h>     
#endif     
#include <stdio.h>     /* for convenience */     
#include <stdlib.h>    /* for convenience */     
#include <stddef.h>    /* for offsetof */     
#include <string.h>    /* for convenience */     
#include <unistd.h>    /* for convenience */     
#include <signal.h>    /* for SIG_ERR */     
    
    
#define MAXLINE 4096               /* max line length */     
    
/*  
 *   * Default file access permissions for new files.  
 *    */    
#define FILE_MODE   (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)     
    
/*  
 *   * Default permissions for new directories.  
 *    */    
#define DIR_MODE    (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)     
    
typedef void   Sigfunc(int);   /* for signal handlers */    
    
#if defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR)     
#define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *)-1)     
#endif     
    
#define min(a,b)     ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))     
#define max(a,b)     ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))     
    
/*  
 *   * Prototypes for our own functions.  
 *    */    
char    *path_alloc(int *);              /* Figure 2.15 */    
long     open_max(void);                 /* Figure 2.16 */    
void     clr_fl(int, int);               /* Figure 3.11 */    
void     set_fl(int, int);               /* Figure 3.11 */    
void     pr_exit(int);                   /* Figure 8.5 */    
void     pr_mask(const char *);          /* Figure 10.14 */    
Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *);    /* Figure 10.19 */    
    
int      tty_cbreak(int);                /* Figure 18.20 */    
int      tty_raw(int);                   /* Figure 18.20 */    
int      tty_reset(int);                 /* Figure 18.20 */    
void     tty_atexit(void);               /* Figure 18.20 */    
#ifdef  ECHO    /* only if <termios.h>  has been included */     
struct termios  *tty_termios(void);      /* Figure 18.20 */    
#endif     
    
void     sleep_us(unsigned int);             /* Exercise 14.6 */    
ssize_t  readn(int, void *, size_t);         /* Figure 14.29 */    
ssize_t  writen(int, const void *, size_t);  /* Figure 14.29 */    
void     daemonize(const char *);            /* Figure 13.1 */    
    
int      s_pipe(int *);                 /* Figures 17.6 and 17.13 */    
int      recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int,    
                 const void *, size_t));/* Figures 17.21 and 17.23 */    
int      send_fd(int, int);             /* Figures 17.20 and 17.22 */    
int      send_err(int, int,    
                  const char *);        /* Figure 17.19 */    
int      serv_listen(const char *);     /* Figures 17.10 and 17.15 */    
int      serv_accept(int, uid_t *);     /* Figures 17.11 and 17.16 */    
    
int      cli_conn(const char *);        /* Figures 17.12 and 17.17 */    
int      buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int,    
                  char **));            /* Figure 17.32 */    
    
int      ptym_open(char *, int);    /* Figures 19.8, 19.9, and 19.10 */    
int      ptys_open(char *);         /* Figures 19.8, 19.9, and 19.10 */    
#ifdef  TIOCGWINSZ     
pid_t    pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *,    
                  const struct winsize *);      /* Figure 19.11 */    
#endif     
    
int     lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* Figure 14.5 */    
#define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))    
#define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))    
#define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))    
#define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))    
#define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))    
    
pid_t   lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t);     /* Figure 14.6 */    
    
#define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \
            (lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)    
#define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \
            (lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)    
    
void    err_dump(const char *, ...);        /* Appendix B */    
void    err_msg(const char *, ...);    
void    err_quit(const char *, ...);    
void    err_exit(int, const char *, ...);    
void    err_ret(const char *, ...);    
void    err_sys(const char *, ...);    
    
void    log_msg(const char *, ...);         /* Appendix B */    
void    log_open(const char *, int, int);    
void    log_quit(const char *, ...);    
void    log_ret(const char *, ...);    
void    log_sys(const char *, ...);    
    
void    TELL_WAIT(void);        /* parent/child from Section 8.9 */    
void    TELL_PARENT(pid_t);    
void    TELL_CHILD(pid_t);    
void    WAIT_PARENT(void);    
void    WAIT_CHILD(void);    
    
#endif  /* _APUE_H */    

 

 

//抛出错误头文件myerror.h


#include "apue.h"
#include <errno.h>      /* for definition of errno */
#include <stdarg.h>     /* ISO C variable aruments */
 
static void err_doit(int, int, const char *, va_list);
 
/*
 * * Nonfatal error related to a system call.
 * * Print a message and return.
 * */
void
err_ret(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list     ap;
 
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
}
 
/*
 * * Fatal error related to a system call.
 * * Print a message and terminate.
 * */
void
err_sys(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list     ap;
 
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    exit(1);
}
 
/*
 * * Fatal error unrelated to a system call.
 * * Error code passed as explict parameter.
 * * Print a message and terminate.
 * */
void
err_exit(int error, const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list     ap;
 
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    err_doit(1, error, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    exit(1);
}
 
/*
 * * Fatal error related to a system call.
 * * Print a message, dump core, and terminate.
 * */
void
err_dump(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list     ap;
 
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    abort();        /* dump core and terminate */
    exit(1);        /* shouldn't get here */
}
 
/*
 * * Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call.
 * * Print a message and return.
 * */
void
err_msg(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list     ap;
 
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
}
 
/*
 * * Fatal error unrelated to a system call.
 * * Print a message and terminate.
 * */
void
err_quit(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list     ap;
 
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    exit(1);
}
 
/*
 * * Print a message and return to caller.
 * * Caller specifies "errnoflag".
 * */
static void
err_doit(int errnoflag, int error, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
    char    buf[MAXLINE];
   vsnprintf(buf, MAXLINE, fmt, ap);
   if (errnoflag)
       snprintf(buf+strlen(buf), MAXLINE-strlen(buf), ": %s",
         strerror(error));
   strcat(buf, " ");
   fflush(stdout);     /* in case stdout and stderr are the same */
   fputs(buf, stderr);
   fflush(NULL);       /* flushes all stdio output streams */
}

 

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