字符型
ASCII
CHR
chr(39) chr(10) chr(9)
LOWER
UPPER
INITCAP
CONCAT
||
SUBSTR
LENGTH
INSTR
TRIM
dump
lpad
rpad
REPLACE
translate ('ABCDEFABCXYZ','ACB','abc')
ASCII('字符')
返回字符的ASCII码值
idle> select ASCII('a') from dual;
ASCII('A')
----------
97
idle> select ASCII('A') from dual;
ASCII('A')
----------
65
idle>
CHR('n')
返回n的字符值 n是ASCII码数
idle> select chr(65) from dual;
C
-
A
idle> select chr(39) from dual;
C
-
'
idle>
但是求单引号的ASCII码写法很特殊 两个单引带表一个单引
idle> select ASCII(''') from dual;
ERROR:
ORA-01756: quoted string not properly terminated
idle> select ASCII('''') from dual;
ASCII('''')
-----------
39
idle>
LOWER(列名|表达式)
小写转换
idle> select lower('ABC') from dual;
LOW
---
abc
idle>
dual 为虚表,当一个语句不需要从表中获取数据时,但又要维持SQL语法,oracle才提供了虚表来解决这个问题
UPPER(列名|表达式)
大写转换
idle> select upper('abc') from dual;
UPP
---
ABC
idle>
INITCAP(列名|表达式)
每个词的词头大写 其他小写
idle> select initcap('abC dEf XYZ') from dual;
INITCAP('AB
-----------
Abc Def Xyz
idle>
CONCAT(列名|表达式,列名|表达式)
将第一个字符串和第二个字符串连接
idle> select concat('abc','xyz') from dual;
CONCAT
------
abcxyz
不太常用,因为我们可以用 || 连接
idle> select 'abc'||'xyz' from dual;
'ABC'|
------
abcxyz
idle>
SUBSTR(列名|表达式,m,[n])
返回指定子串,该子串是从第m个字符开始,其长度为n,不指定n值则从m到最后
idle> select substr('abcdefxyz',4,3) from dual;
SUB
---
def
idle> select substr('abcdefxyz',4) from dual;
SUBSTR
------
defxyz
idle>
LENGTH(列名|表达式)
返回字符串的长度
idle> select length('abcdefxyz') from dual;
LENGTH('ABCDEFXYZ')
-------------------
9
idle>
INSTR (列名|表达式,'字符串',[m],[n])
从表达式或列中搜索给定的字符串的所处位置,m代表从第几个开始搜,n代表第几次出现. m和n默认都是1
idle> select INSTR('abcdddxyz','d') from dual;
INSTR('ABCDDDXYZ','D')
----------------------
4
idle>
idle> select INSTR('abcdddxyz','d',5) from dual;
INSTR('ABCDDDXYZ','D',5)
------------------------
5
idle> select INSTR('abcdddxyz','d',5,2) from dual;
INSTR('ABCDDDXYZ','D',5,2)
--------------------------
6
idle>
TRIM([leading|]trailing|both 要去掉的字符 FROM 源字符串)
从源字符串中去掉指定的字符 可以用leading tailing来修饰去掉的字符串是在开头或结尾,默认是两者都 默认截取的是空格
idle> select trim('a' from 'aaabcdeaaafxyzaaa') from dual;
TRIM('A'FRO
-----------
bcdeaaafxyz
idle> select trim(leading 'a' from 'aaabcdeaaafxyzaaa') from dual;
TRIM(LEADING'A
--------------
bcdeaaafxyzaaa
idle> select trim(trailing 'a' from 'aaabcdeaaafxyzaaa') from dual;
TRIM(TRAILING'
--------------
aaabcdeaaafxyz
idle>
左补齐lpad 右补齐rpad
将不足20个字符的位置用指定符号填充.
idle> select lpad(ename,20,'-') ,rpad(ename,20,'-') from emp where ename like 'S%';
LPAD(ENAME,20,'-') RPAD(ENAME,20,'-')
-------------------- --------------------
---------------SMITH SMITH---------------
---------------SCOTT SCOTT---------------
idle>
REPLACE(源字符串,OLD字符串,NEW字符串)
从源字符串中找到搜索的old字符串,替换成new字符串
idle> select replace('abcdefxyz','def','DEF') from dual;
REPLACE('
---------
abcDEFxyz
idle>
dump('str'[,FMT[,S,E]])
用于转换进制格式
str 被转换的字符串
FMT 格式
S str的开始字符位置
E S开始的后续结束字符位置
SQL> select dump('abcd') from dual;
DUMP('ABCD')
--------------------------
Typ=96 Len=4: 97,98,99,100
SQL>
SQL> select dump('abcd',1002) from dual;
DUMP('ABCD',1002)
------------------------------------------------
Typ=96 Len=4 CharacterSet=AL32UTF8: 97,98,99,100
SQL>
SQL> select dump('abcd',1008) from dual;
DUMP('ABCD',1008)
---------------------------------------------------
Typ=96 Len=4 CharacterSet=AL32UTF8: 141,142,143,144
SQL>
DUMP('ABCD',1016)
-----------------------------------------------
Typ=96 Len=4 CharacterSet=AL32UTF8: 61,62,63,64
SQL> select dump('abcd',1017) from dual;
DUMP('ABCD',1017)
-------------------------------------------
Typ=96 Len=4 CharacterSet=AL32UTF8: a,b,c,d
SQL>
SQL> select dump('abcd',1017,2,2) from dual;
DUMP('ABCD',1017,2,2)
---------------------------------------
Typ=96 Len=4 CharacterSet=AL32UTF8: b,c
SQL>
SQL> select dump('飞') from dual;
DUMP('飞')
-------------------------
Typ=96 Len=3: 233,163,158
SQL> select 233*power(256,2)+163*256+158 from dual;
233*POWER(256,2)+163*256+158
----------------------------
15311774
SQL> select chr(15311774) from dual;
CHR
---
飞
SQL>
单行函数的例子
idle> select concat(ename,job) "EMP",substr(job,1,5) title,length(ename),instr(ename,'T',1,2)
from emp
where lower(ename) = 'scott';
EMP TITLE LENGTH(ENAME) INSTR(ENAME,'T',1,2)
------------------- ----- ------------- --------------------
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oracle 教程_ 单行函数_字符类型函数
最新推荐文章于 2021-04-02 19:05:07 发布