Spring定时器的两种实现方式

有两种流行Spring定时器配置：Java的Timer类和OpenSymphony的Quartz。

1.Java Timer定时

首先继承java.util.TimerTask类实现run方法

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import java.util.TimerTask;
public class EmailReportTask extends TimerTask{
@Override
public void run() { }
}



timerTask属性告诉ScheduledTimerTask运行哪个。86400000代表24个小时

启动Spring定时器

Spring的TimerFactoryBean负责启动定时任务

<bean class="org.springframework.scheduling.timer.TimerFactoryBean">
<property name="scheduledTimerTasks">
<list><ref bean="scheduleReportTask"/>list>
property>
bean>
scheduledTimerTasks里显示一个需要启动的定时器任务的列表。
可以通过设置delay属性延迟启动
<bean id="scheduleReportTask" class="org.springframework.scheduling.timer.ScheduledTimerTask">
<property name="timerTask" ref="reportTimerTask" />
<property name="period">
<value>86400000value>
property>
<property name="delay">
<value>3600000value>
property>
bean>
这个任务我们只能规定每隔24小时运行一次，无法精确到某时启动

2.Quartz定时器


首先编写服务类：

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<span style="color:#000000;"></span><span style="color:#00ff;">import</span><span style="color:#000000;"> java.util.Date;

</span><span style="color:#00ff;">public</span><span style="color:#000000;"> </span><span style="color:#00ff;">class</span><span style="color:#000000;"> CourseService </span><span id="_72_152_Open_Text"><span style="color:#000000;">{
</span><span style="color:#00ff;">public</span><span style="color:#000000;"> </span><span style="color:#00ff;">void</span><span style="color:#000000;"> start()</span><span id="_96_150_Open_Text"><span style="color:#000000;">{
System.out.println(</span><span style="color:#00ff;">new</span><span style="color:#000000;"> Date().getSeconds());
}</span></span><span style="color:#000000;">
}</span></span><span style="color:#000000;">
</span>


编写调度类，需要继承QuartzJobBean ：

package QuartzTest;

import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;


public class QuartzJob extends QuartzJobBean {

protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException {
courseService.start();
}

private CourseService courseService;

public CourseService getCourseService() {
return courseService;
}

public void setCourseService(CourseService courseService) {
this.courseService = courseService;
}


}




编写配置文件
需要说明的是，我们有两种trigger，分别是simple和cron模式，simple方式和timertask类似，采用设置interval方式进行调度，而cron可以特有的语法很详细的定制调度执行时间，具体描述在配置文件的注释中
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd" >
<beans>
<bean id="courseService" class="QuartzTest.CourseService"/>
<!-- 创建调度任务 使用单独编写的调度类QuartzJob -->
<bean id="reportJbo" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailBean">
<property name="jobClass">
<value>QuartzTest.QuartzJob</value>
</property>
<property name="jobDataAsMap">
<map>
<!--采用jobDataAsMap方式进行courseService注入-->
<entry key="courseService">
<ref bean="courseService"/>
</entry>
</map>
</property>
</bean>

<!-- 创建调度任务 使用已有的service类方法，不需要单独编写调度类QuartzJob
<bean id="reportJbo" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject">
<ref bean="courseService"/>
</property>
<property name="targetMethod">
<value>start</value>
</property>
</bean>
-->
<!-- 配置调度任务,简单模式 -->
<bean id="simpleReportTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerBean">
<property name="jobDetail">
<ref bean="reportJbo"/>
</property>
<property name="repeatInterval">
<value>1000</value>
</property>
</bean>

<!-- 配置调度任务,复杂定制模式,月份中的日期和星期不能同时设置 -->
<bean id="cronReportTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
<property name="jobDetail">
<ref bean="reportJbo"/>
</property>
<property name="cronExpression">
<value>02 20 21 7 6 ? 2007</value>
<!-- 1.秒 0-59
2.分钟 0-59
3.小时 0-23
4.月份中的日期 1-31
5.月份 1-12或者Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
6.星期中的日期 1-7或者MON,TUE,WED,THU,FRI,SAT,SUN.
-->
</property>
</bean>

<!-- 启动调度 -->
<bean id="start" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="cronReportTrigger"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>




Spring还为我们提供了更简单的加载调度的方式，也就说我们在已经有业务方法CourseService时不需要再额外编写调度类QuartzJob,可以直接配置service的方法

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<bean id="reportJbo" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject">
<ref bean="courseService"/>
</property>
<property name="targetMethod">
<value>start</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- ============== start=============== -->
<bean id="findAppSaveTimeEnd" class="com.skyon.psbc.cas.job.app.FindAppSaveTimeEnd" lazy-init="false" singleton="false" >
<property name="appTaskService" ref="appTaskService"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="findAppTimeEnd" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject">
<ref bean="findAppSaveTimeEnd"/>
</property>
<property name="targetMethod">
<value>executeJob</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="findAppTime" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
<property name="jobDetail">
<ref bean="findAppTimeEnd"/>
</property>
<property name="cronExpression">
<value>0 0 0 * * ?</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- ============== end=============== -->

<!-- ===总管理类 如果将lazy-init='false'那么容器启动就会执行调度程序=========== -->
<bean id="startQuertz" lazy-init="true" autowire="no" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="findAppTime"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>