17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number 回溯算法

这道题是我第一次接触回溯算法,没写出来,感觉很难,小白真的是忧伤。。。

看了别人的答案,有些理解这个算法了,可是感觉自己还是独立写不出来,然后盲敲了一遍这个答案

Given a digit string, return all possible letter combinations that the number could represent.

A mapping of digit to letters (just like on the telephone buttons) is given below.

Input:Digit string "23"
Output: ["ad", "ae", "af", "bd", "be", "bf", "cd", "ce", "cf"].
public class Solution {
    public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
       ArrayList<String> ans = new ArrayList<String>();
       if(digits.length()==0) return ans;
       String[] keyboard = {"","","abc","def","ghi","jkl","mno","pqrs","tuv","wxyz"};
       int index=0;
       StringBuilder curstr=new StringBuilder();
       buildAns(digits,index,curstr,keyboard,ans);
       return ans;
    }
    
    private void buildAns(String digits,int index,StringBuilder curstr,String[] keyboard,ArrayList<String> ans){
        if(curstr.length()==digits.length()){
            ans.add(curstr.toString());
            return;
        }
        int num=digits.charAt(index)-'0';//convert string number to int number
        for(int i=0;i<keyboard[num].length();i++){
            curstr.append(keyboard[num].charAt(i));
            buildAns(digits,index+1,curstr,keyboard,ans);
            curstr.deleteCharAt(curstr.length()-1);
        }
    }
}

这其中用到了很多之前看到过的知识点,比如运用StringBuilder类,还有新的知识点,比如使用 string.deleteCharAt(index)这个方法,用来删除指定index上的字符

这个解答的思路如下:

ans为最后要返回的答案

keyboard为每个按钮上的string,从0-9依次赋值到keyboard数组中

index用来记录输入的digits的第几位,先让index=0,指向digits的第一位

curstr为当前的StringBuilder对象,意在直接使用append方法来添加字符


buildAns方法用来进行回溯运算

要明白,当我们得到的curstr的长度等于我们输入的digits的位数的时候,说明每一位数字都已经被对应到相应的字符了,所以这个时候要把curstr当前的字符串赋值给ans

跳出当前的循环,然后执行curstr.delete方法-------------这个在回溯算法中就是后退的那一步




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(Telephone Number Word Generator) Standard telephone keypads contain the digits 0 through 9. The numbers 2 through 9 each have three letters associated with them, as is indicated by the following table: Many people find it difficult to memorize phone numbers, so they use the correspondence between digits and letters to develop seven-letter words that correspond to their phone numbers. For example, a person whose telephone number is 686-2377 might use the correspondence indi- cated in the above table to develop the seven-letter word “NUMBERS.” Businesses frequently attempt to get telephone numbers that are easy for their clients to remember. If a business can advertise a simple word for its customers to dial, then no doubt the business will receive a few more calls. Each seven-letter word corresponds to exactly one seven-digit telephone number. The restaurant wishing to increase its take-home business could surely do so with the number 825-3688 (i.e., “TAKEOUT”). Each seven-digit phone number corresponds to many separate seven-letter words. Unfortunately, most of these represent unrecognizable juxtaposi- tions of letters. It’s possible, however, that the owner of a barber shop would be pleased to know that the shop’s telephone number, 424-7288, corresponds to “HAIRCUT.” A veterinarian with the phone number 738-2273 would be happy to know that the number corresponds to “PETCARE.” Write a program that, given a seven-digit number, writes to a file every possible seven-letter word corresponding to that number. There are 2187 (3 to the seventh power) such words. Avoid phone numbers with the digits 0 and 1.
最新发布
06-09

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