JAVA 常用类

 

----------------java 常用类-------------------------

1、Java.lang.Object类
   基本方法 1 hashCode()方法
              返回对象的hashCode值(十进制)，每一个对象，它的hashCode值都不一样
              Integer.toHexString()-------转换成十六进制
              Integer.toBinaryString()------转换成二进制
              Integer.toOctalString()------转换成八进制
  
            2 toString()方法
              在Object类中的原始定义中，所返回的是对象所属的类型+@+其哈希码
              toString()方法功能是以字符串形式返回当前对象的有关信息
             
            3 equals()方法
              功能：比较引用类型数据的等价性(地址值是否一样)；equals()方法存在特例，对File、String、Data、封装类等类型，是比较类型及对象的内容
              原因是这些类型，把equals()方法重写了
              "=="可以比较引用类型及基本类型数据
              <!--String类型比较特殊，String s1="abc"和String s2="abc"是不同对象，但是地址值是一样的，因为String比较常用，
                所以在JVM中存在string缓冲池，当用上述的方法定义String时，就出现了s1=s2-->

            4 finalize()方法

            5 clone()方法
              在当前类中要重写clone方法；实现cloneable接口

            6 wait()方法

            7 notify()notifyAll()方法

2、与字符串相关的类
    (1)java.lang.String类
       对象为不可修改的unicode的编码字符串
       方法  字符串连接、转换、截断
              concat()
              replace()
              substring()
              toLowerCase()
              toUppercase()
              trim()
              字符串检索和查找
              charAt()
              startsWith()
              indexOf()
              lastIndexOf()
              length()
              内容比较
              equals()
              equalsIgnoreCase()
              compareTo()
    (2)StringBuffer类
       对象保存可修改的unicode字符序列
       方法
             append()
             insert()
             reverse()
             setCharAt()
        与StringBuilder类的区别，StringBuffer是线程安全的，
        而StringBuilder不保证其对象的同步性，在多线程环境中是不安全的，性能上要比StringBuffer要好一些
   (3)java.util.StringTokenizer类
      功能：将当前字符串按照默认或指定的分隔符分解为多个片段
      方法   public boolean hasMoreTokens()
             public String nextToken(String delim)
      改进：split()方法  ------------------------------------------------------------------
                              Example：public class Test(){
                                      public static void main(String args[]){
                                            String s="阳光：沙滩：海浪：仙人掌"；
                                            String[] results=s.split();
                                            for(String each:results){
                                                System.out.println(each);}
                                            }
                                  }
                ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3、与日期相关的类
    (1) java.util.Date类
         方法 public int compareTo(Date anotherDate)
              public boolean equals(Object obj)
              public long getTime() 获得当前时间的整数
              public String toString()
   (2)  抽象类java,util.Calendar类
        功能：常规的日期修改功能和国际化支持                              
                                                          
        方法  public static Calendar getInstance()                                                          
              public int get(int field)
              public int set(int field,int value)
              public final void set(int year,int month,int date,int hourOfDay,int minute,int second)
              public abstract void add(int field,int amount)
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Example  : Calendar c=Calender.getInstance();
                     c.add(Calendar.YEAR,10);
                     c.set(2008,8,8);
                     system.out.println(c.get(Canlender,YEAR));
                     system.out.println(c.get(Canlender,MONTH+1));
                     system.out.println(c.get(Canlender,HOUR_OF_DAY));
                     system.out.println(c.get(Canlender,AM_PM);
    ==========================================================================================================================
        <!--java.util.GregorianCalendar是Canlendar的子类，提供世界上大多数国家/地区使用的标准日历系统，并添加判断闰年的功能
          方法有  public GregorianCalendar(TimeZone zone)
                  public GregorianCalendar(TimeZone zone)
                  public GregorianCalendar(int year,int month,int dayOfMonth,int hourOfDay,int minute,int second)
                  public boolean isLeapYear(int year)
                   ------------------------------------------------------
                    Example  : GregorianCalendar gg=new CregorianCalendar();       
                                system.out.println(gg.isLeapYear(2008));
                  --------------------------------------------------------
        >
   (3) java.util.locale类
       对象主要封装"地区"和"语言种类"两方面的信息
       方法  public Locale(String language)
             public Locale(String language, String country)
             public static Locale getDefault()
             public String getLanguage()
             public final String getDisplayName()
             public static Local[] getAvailableLocales()

     ========================================================================================================================
     Example:  Locale defaultLocale= Locale.getDefault();
               system.out.println(defaultLocale);
               system.out.println(defaultLocale.getLanguage());
               system.out.println(defaultLocale.getDisplayName());
     ===============================================================================================================================
  (4)抽象类java.util.TimeZone类
     功能：描述时区的信息，可以调用其静态方法getDefault()获得该类的实例
           public static TimeZone get Default()
           public static TiemZZone getTimeZone(String ID)
     其他方法  public static String[] gerAvailableIDs()

     ========================================================================================================================
     Example:  String[] ids=TImeZonelgetAvailableIDs();
               for(String id:ids){
                    System.out.println(id);
               }
               TimeZone t=TimeZone.getDefault();
               System.out.println(t);
               System.out.println(t.getDisplayName());
     ==============================================================================

  (5)java.text.DateFormat类
     功能：提供了将日期/时间信息进行格式化处理

     方法 public static final DateFormat getDateInstance()
          public static final DateFormat getTimeInstance()
          public static final DateFormat getDateTimeInstance()
          public final String format(Date date)
          
      ========================================================================================================================
     Example: DateFormat df=DateFomat.getDateTimeInstance();
              String dateString=df.fomat(new.Date());
              System.out.println(dateString);
              
              DateFormat df2=DateFomat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFomat.SHORT,DateFomat.SHORT); //FULL,LONG
              system.out.println(df1.format(new Date()));

     拓展 SimpleDateFormat是DateFormat的子类可以按指定的格式输出日期/时间
         --------------------------------------------------
           Example: SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd")
              String dateString=sdf.fomat(new.Date());
              System.out.println(dateString);
     ==============================================================================
4、与数学相关的类
   (1)java.lang.math类
      数据截取方法 ceil() floor()  round()
      取最大、最小、绝对值方法  max()  min() abs()
      三角函数 sin() cos() tan() acos() atan() toDegrees() toRadians()
      幂运算和对数运算  pow() exp() sqrt() log() log10()
      其他操作 random()
   (2)Random类
      基于"线性同余"算法的一种伪随机数序列生成器
      方法  public Random(long seed)
            public int nextInt(int n)
            public double nextDouble()
            public boolean nextBoolean()
     --------------------------------------------------
           Example:  Random rand =new Random();
                     System.out.println(rand.nextInt(10));不大于10的随机数
     ==============================================================================
   (3)BigInterger/BigDecimal
      为任意长度/精度的整数和浮点数进行运算
      方法  public BigInteger(String val)
            public static BigInteger valueOf(long val)
            public BigInteger add(BigInteger val)
            public BigInteger subtract(BigInteger val) 
            public BigInteger multiply(BigInteger val)
            public BigInteger divide(BigInteger val)
            public int compareTo(BigInteger val)
            public BigInteger remainder(BigInteger val) 
            public BigInteger pow(int exponent)
            public String toString()