MATLAB仿真及其简单应用

聚类分析作为一种常用方法，其主要流程分为以下几步。
1.将数据展示在面板上

% 随机生成5个中心以及标准差
s = rng(5,'v5normal');
zhong = round((rand(5,2)-0.5)*40);
yi= round(rand(5,2)*30)/6;
X = [mvnrnd(mu(1,:),sigma(1,:),200);
mvnrnd(mu(2,:),sigma(2,:),300);
mvnrnd(mu(3,:),sigma(3,:),400);
mvnrnd(mu(4,:),sigma(4,:),500);
mvnrnd(mu(5,:),sigma(5,:),600)];
% 作图
P1 = figure;clf;
scatter(X(:,1),X(:,2),10,'r');

2.利用不同的算法进行带入分析
1 高斯混合聚类代码

% 
options = statset('Display','off');
gm = gmdistribution.fit(X,3,'Options',options);
P1 = figure;clf
scatter(X(:,1),X(:,2),10,'ro');
hold on
ezcontour(@(x,y) pdf(gm,[x,y]),[-30 30],[-25 20]);
hold off
P2 = figure;clf
scatter(X(:,1),X(:,2),20,'ro');
hold on
ezsurf(@(x,y) pdf(gm,[x,y]),[-30 30],[-25 20]);
hold off
view(25,40)
cluster1 = (cidx3 == 1);
cluster2 = (cidx3 == 2);
cluster3 = (cidx3 == 3);
cluster4 = (cidx3 == 4);
cluster5 = (cidx3 == 5);
% 计算分类概率
P = posterior(gm,X);
P8 = figure;clf
plot3(X(cluster1,1),X(cluster1,2),P(cluster1,1),'r.')
grid on;hold on
plot3(X(cluster2,1),X(cluster2,2),P(cluster2,2),'bo')
plot3(X(cluster3,1),X(cluster3,2),P(cluster3,3),'g*')
plot3(X(cluster4,1),X(cluster4,2),P(cluster4,4),'g-')
plot3(X(cluster5,1),X(cluster5,2),P(cluster5,5),'r*')
legend(' 1 类',' 2 类',' 3 类',' 4 类',' 5 类''Location','NW')
clrmap = jet(80); colormap(clrmap(9:72,:))
ylabel(colorbar,'Component 1 Posterior Probability')
view(-50,30);
% 概率图
P9 = figure;clf
[~,order] = sort(P(:,1));
plot(1:size(X,1),P(order,1),'r-',1:size(X,1),P(order,2),'b-',1:size(X,1),P(order,3),'y-');
legend({'Cluster 1 Score' 'Cluster 2 Score' 'Cluster 3 Score''Cluster 4 Score''Cluster 5 Score'},'location','NW');
ylabel('Cluster Membership Score');
xlabel('Point Ranking');

2 K均值聚类算法

[cidx3,cmeans3,sumd3,D3] = kmeans(X,3,'dist','sqEuclidean');
P4 = figure;clf;
[silh3,h3] = silhouette(X,cidx3,'sqeuclidean');
P5 = figure;clf
ptsymb = {'bo','ro','go',',mo','c+'};
MarkFace = {[0 0 1],[.8 0 0],[0 .5 0]};
hold on
for i =1:3
clust = find(cidx3 == i);
plot(X(clust,1),X(clust,2),ptsymb{i},'MarkerSize',3,'MarkerFace',MarkFace{i},'MarkerEdgeColor','black');
plot(cmeans3(i,1),cmeans3(i,2),ptsymb{i},'MarkerSize',10,'MarkerFace',MarkFace{i});
end
hold off

3 分层聚类算法代码
又叫系统聚类，基本思路是将多个样本各作为一类，计算样本两两之间的距离，合并距离最近的两类成新的一类，然后再计算距离，再合并，直到只有一类为止。层次聚类可以处理分类数据和定量数据，但处理速度相对较慢，通常情况下需要结合相关结果进行主观判断聚类类别数量。

eucD = pdist(X,'euclidean');
clustTreeEuc = linkage(eucD,'average');
cophenet(clustTreeEuc,eucD);
P3 = figure;clf;
[h,nodes] =? dendrogram(clustTreeEuc,20);
set(gca,'TickDir','out','TickLength',[.002 0],'XTickLabel',[]);