hadoop如何执行自己编写的MapReduce程序

比如我们现在写好了一个mapred程序如下：

package com.besttone.mapred;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.GenericOptionsParser;

public class SingleWordCount {

	public static class SingleWordCountMapper extends
			Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
		private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
		private Text word = new Text();

		public void map(Object key, Text value, Context context)
				throws IOException, InterruptedException {

			StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
			String keyword = context.getConfiguration().get("word");
			while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
				String nextkey = itr.nextToken();
				if (nextkey.trim().equals(keyword)) {
					word.set(nextkey);
					context.write(word, one);
				}
			}
		}

	}

	public static class SingleWordCountReducer extends
			Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {

		private IntWritable result = new IntWritable();

		public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,
				Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			int sum = 0;
			for (IntWritable val : values) {
				sum += val.get();
			}
			result.set(sum);
			context.write(key, result);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param args
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Configuration conf = new Configuration();

		String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(conf, args)
				.getRemainingArgs();

		if (otherArgs.length != 3) {
			System.err.println("Usage: singlewordcount <in> <out> <word>");
			System.exit(2);
		}
		conf.set("word", otherArgs[2]);
		Job job = new Job(conf, "single word count");
		job.setJarByClass(SingleWordCount.class);
		job.setMapperClass(SingleWordCountMapper.class);
		job.setCombinerClass(SingleWordCountReducer.class);
		job.setReducerClass(SingleWordCountReducer.class);
		job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
		job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
		job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
		job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
		FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[0]));
		FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[1]));
		System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
	}

}

这个mapred程序是用来统计指定单词的数量。
然后我们可以把这个类打包成JAR，比如命名叫：myexample.jar。拷贝到远程HADOOP_HOME目录下，比如我们统计input目录下的"hello"这个单词的个数，执行bin/hadoop jar myexample.jar com.besttone.mapred.SingleWordCount hdfs://master:9000/user/hadoop/input/* hdfs://master:9000/user/hadoop/output hello 。

另外一只执行方式是写一个Driver程序：

/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.besttone.mapred;

import org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver;

/**
 * A description of an example program based on its class and a 
 * human-readable description.
 */
public class MapRedDriver {
  
  public static void main(String argv[]){
    int exitCode = -1;
    ProgramDriver pgd = new ProgramDriver();
    try {
      pgd.addClass("singlewordcount", SingleWordCount.class, 
                   "A map/reduce program that counts the words in the input files.");
     
      pgd.driver(argv);
      
      // Success
      exitCode = 0;
    }
    catch(Throwable e){
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    
    System.exit(exitCode);
  }
}
	

然后和上面那个类一起重新打包成JAR，双击jar文件打开，修改META-INF下的MANIFEST.MF文件如下：

Manifest-Version: 1.0
Ant-Version: Apache Ant 1.7.1
Created-By: 20.6-b01 (Sun Microsystems Inc.)
Main-Class: com/besttone/mapred/MapRedDriver

将Main-Class设置为Driver的全路径名,然后将jar包拷贝到hadoop_home目录下。这时候就可以不用写mapred的全路径名了，而是使用Driver里定义的别名：

bin/hadoop jar myexample.jar singlewordcount hdfs://master:9000/user/hadoop/input/* hdfs://master:9000/user/hadoop/output hello 。

 

执行过程中可能会遇到hadoop mapred执行目录文件权限问题
　　　错误信息如下：

　　　job Submission failed with exception 'java.io.IOException(The ownership/permissions on the staging directory /tmp/hadoop-hadoop-user1/mapred/staging/hadoop-user1/.staging is not as expected. It is owned by hadoop-user1 and permissions are rwxrwxrwx. The directory must be owned by the submitter hadoop-user1 or by hadoop-user1 and permissions must be rwx------)

　　　修改权限：

       bin/hadoop fs -chmod  -R 700 /home/hadoop/tmp