JavaScript语法入门系列（五） 选择语句

选择语句就是通过判断条件来选择执行的代码块。JavaScript中选择语句有if语句，switch语句两种。

5.1 if 语句

它的语法如下：

if(condition)statement1 [else statement2]                                                          

例如：

var iNum = -1;                                                                                                    

if(iNum>0) {                                                                                                         

document.write("iNum>0");                                                                                  

alert("iNum>0");                                                                                                   

}                                                                                                                           

else if(iNum ==0)                                                                                                 

{                                                                                                                           

document.write("iNum=0");                                                                                  

}                                                                                                                           

else                                                                                                                   

document.write("iNum<0");                                                                                  

网页上显示”iNum<0”并且弹出”iNum<0”的对话框。

注意：如果if或者else之后的语句statementN只有一条时，大括号{}可以省略。

5.2 switch语句

它的语法如下：

switch(variant){                                                                                            

case value1:statement1                                                                                       

break;                                                                                                                 

case value2:statement2                                                                                      

break;                                                                                                                 

….                                                                                                                             

case valuen:statementN                                                                                      

break;                                                                                                                 

default:statement                                                                                                        

}                                                                                                                           

例如：

var iSelection = 2;                                                                                                

switch(iSelection){                                                                                              

case 1:                                                                                                                      

   document.write("You select 1");                                                                    

   break;                                                                                                           

case 2:                                                                                                                       

   document.write("You select 2");                                                                    

   break;                                                                                                           

default:                                                                                                                      

   document.write("You select a numberwhich is not 1 or 2");                         

}                                                                                                                           

结果为网页显示”You select 2”。

break语句用来终止switch语句的执行并跳出switch代码块到switch语句之后的下一行代码。如果碰到匹配的case条件，但其代码块中没有break语句时，程序会依次执行其后的case中的代码直到碰到一个break语句或者switch语句结束。可以利用这个特性来让不同的case条件下执行相同的代码。比如上例可以改为：

var iSelection = 2;                                                                                                

switch(iSelection){                                                                                              

case 1:                                                                                                                      

case 2:                                                                                                                       

   document.write("You select "+iSelection);                                                     

   break;                                                                                                           

default:                                                                                                                      

   document.write("You select a numberwhich is not 1 or 2");                         

}                                                                                                                           

default语句在variant找不到匹配的valueN时调用。比如上例中iSelection若为3则default下面的语句会被调用。