JavaScript语法入门系列（十） 错误处理

第十章 错误处理

10.1 try…catch语句

JavaScript中的错误可以用try…catch语句捕获。

语法如下：

try{                                                                                                                       

//normalcode                                                                                                     

}                                                                                                                           

catch(Exception对象的变量名)                                                                            

{                                                                                                                           

//codeafter exception happened                                                                         

}                                                                                                                           

}                                                                                                                           

 

示例如下：

try{                                                                                                                       

document.write("errorbegins"+a);                                                                             

}                                                                                                                           

catch(ex)                                                                                                            

{                                                                                                                           

if(ex.description)                                                                                                

{                                                                                                                           

alert(ex.number+ "\r\n"+ex.description);                                                             

}                                                                                                                           

else                                                                                                                    

{                                                                                                                           

alert(ex.name+ "\r\n"+ex.message);                                                                   

}                                                                                                                           

}                                                                                                                           

运行网页，在Google Chrome中将弹出分两行显示“ReferenceError”和“a is not defined”对话框。

此处需要注意，不同的浏览器对错误Exception对象提供的属性不同。IE，Google提供的是name（错误名称）和message（错误描述），而Firefox中提供的是Number（错误ID号）和decription（对应IE的message）。我们可以根据是否存在某属性来进行处理此浏览器之间的差别。

 

10.2 throw语句

       我们也可以人为的利用throw语句抛出错误。语法如下：

throwexceptionobject                                                                                                 

此处的exceptionobject可以为任意对象，字符串，数组或者数字都可以。此时catch到的Exception对象就是此处的exceptionobject。

       比如：

try{                                                                                                                       

throw"catch me";                                                                                                        

}                                                                                                                           

catch(ex)                                                                                                            

{                                                                                                                           

alert(ex);                                                                                                             

}                                                                                                                           

将弹出catch me的对话框。

10.3 finally语句

       不管有无错误，finally语句块中的代码都会被执行。示例如下：

try{                                                                                                                       

throw"catch me";                                                                                                        

}                                                                                                                           

catch(ex)                                                                                                            

{                                                                                                                           

alert(ex);                                                                                                             

}                                                                                                                           

finally                                                                                                                  

{                                                                                                                           

alert(“codein finally block”);                                                                                

}                                                                                                                           

代码将先后弹出“catch me”“和”code in finally block“对话框。