ubuntu中spyder的安装和出现的问题

一、spyder的安装指令

方法1、在安装之前，最好安装以下python常用库和依赖：

sudo apt-get install python-dev python-pip libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev zlib1g-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev  
sudo pip install scrapy  
sudo apt-get install libzmq-dev  
sudo pip install pyzmq #here  
sudo pip install pygments  
sudo apt-get install qt4-dev-tools qt4-doc qt4-qtconfig qt4-demos qt4-designer  
sudo pip install qtconsole  
sudo pip install ipython 

然后安装：

sudo apt install spyder     #安装spyder2

sudo apt install spyder3    #安装spyder3

spyder的卸载：

sudo apt-get remove spyder

运行时报错，

sudo apt-get install python3-pyqt*

方法2：

sudo apt-get install python3-pyqt5 python-sphinx
sudo apt-get install python3-pyqt*
sudo pip3 install spyder               #安装spyder3

 方法3：

sudo pip3 install -U spyder

然后会出错:psutil/_psutil_linux.c:12:20: fatal error: Python.h: 没有那个文件或目录

解决办法:

sudo apt-get install python3-dev

接着在重复指令:sudo pip3 install -U spyder

最后:sudo apt-get install python3-pyqt*

二、python2与python3之间的相互转化

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2 100
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 150

sudo update-alternatives --config python    #选择python2或python3

三、spyder不能启动

报如下错误：

Spyder crashed during last session.

If Spyder does not start at all and before submitting a bug report, please try to reset settings to defaults by running Spyder with the command line option '--reset': spyder --reset

Warning: this command will remove all your Spyder configuration files located in '/Users/repair/.spyder-py3').

If restoring the default settings does not help, please take the time to search for known bugs or discussions matching your situation before eventually creating a new issue here. Your feedback will always be greatly appreciated.

解决方法：

pip3 install --upgrade pip

sudo pip3 install --upgrade setuptools