Junit学习笔记之三：测试驱动开发

1.正常的开发流程

编码--->测试--->重复--->提交

基于测试驱动的开发

测试--->编码--->重复--->提交

先写了测试之后，由于测试的覆盖率要求为100%，所以就会让代码中可能存在的分支都进行测试，这样先写测试单元，可以为将来的代码提供一种有效的参考

举例说明：

package com.hust.junit.model;

/**
 * Created by Administration on 2016/6/5.
 */
public class User {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String nickname;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String password, String nickname) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getNickname() {
        return nickname;
    }

    public void setNickname(String nickname) {
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", nickname='" + nickname + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

package com.hust.junit.service;

import com.hust.junit.model.User;

/**
 * Created by Administration on 2016/6/5.
 */
public interface IUserService {
    void add(User user);

    void delete(String username);

    User load(String username);

    User login(String username, String password);

}

package com.hust.junit.service;

import com.hust.junit.model.User;
import com.hust.junit.model.UserException;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by Administration on 2016/6/5.
 */
public class UserServiceByMap implements IUserService {
    private Map<String, User> us = new HashMap<String, User>();

    public void add(User user) {
        if (load(user.getUsername()) != null) throw new UserException("用户名已经存在");
        us.put(user.getUsername(), user);

    }

    public void delete(String username) {
        us.remove(username);
    }

    public User load(String username) {
        return us.get(username);
    }

    public User login(String username, String password) {
        User u = load(username);
        if (u == null) throw new UserException("用户名不存在");
        if (!u.getPassword().equals(password)) throw new UserException("用户密码不存在");
        return u;
    }
}

package com.hust.junit.model;

/**
 * Created by Administration on 2016/6/5.
 */
public class UserException extends RuntimeException {
    public UserException() {
    }

    public UserException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }

    public UserException(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }

    public UserException(Throwable cause) {
        super(cause);
    }

    public UserException(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) {
        super(cause);
    }
}

package com.hust.junit.service;

import com.hust.junit.model.User;
import com.hust.junit.model.UserException;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

/**
 * Created by Administration on 2016/6/5.
 */
public class IUserServiceTest {
    private IUserService us;
    private User baseUser;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        us = new UserServiceByMap();
//        us = new UserService();
        baseUser = new User("admin", "admin", "管理员");
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {

    }

    private void assertUserEquals(User tu, User u) {
        assertEquals("用户名不相同", tu.getUsername(), u.getUsername());
        assertEquals("密码不相同", tu.getPassword(), u.getPassword());
        assertEquals("昵称不相同", tu.getNickname(), u.getNickname());
    }

    @Test
    public void add() {
        User u = baseUser;
        us.add(u);
        User tu = us.load("admin");
        assertNotNull("添加用户不成功", tu);
        assertUserEquals(tu, u);
    }

    @Test(expected = UserException.class)
    public void testAddExistUsername() throws Exception {
        us.add(baseUser);
        User tu = new User("admin", "admin", "管理员");
        us.add(tu);
    }

    @Test
    public void delete() throws Exception {
        us.add(baseUser);
        User tu = us.load(baseUser.getUsername());
        assertNotNull("添加用户不成功", tu);
        us.delete(baseUser.getUsername());
        tu = us.load(baseUser.getUsername());
        assertNull("删除的用户还存在", tu);
    }

    @Test
    public void login() throws Exception {
        us.add(baseUser);
        String username = "admin";
        String password = "admin";
        User tu = us.login(username, password);
        assertUserEquals(tu, baseUser);
    }

    @Test(expected = UserException.class)
    public void testNotExistUserLogin() {
        us.add(baseUser);
        String username = "admin1";
        String password = "admin";
        us.login(username, password);
    }

    @Test(expected = UserException.class)
    public void testPasswordErrorUserLogin() {
        us.add(baseUser);
        String username = "admin";
        String password = "1234";
        us.login(username, password);
    }
}

2.cobertura的使用(推荐使用maven插件)

方式一.Maven依赖

           <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                <artifactId>cobertura-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.5.1</version>
            </plugin>

执行cobertura:cobertura的命令

生成报告路径：

生成报告截图：

方式二：命令行方式

1、将cobertura的路径设置到path中

2、将要测试的源代码，编译之后的字节码文件和所需要的jar包拷贝到一个单独的目录中做处理

3、在命令提示符中使用命令为要生成测试覆盖率报告的代码生成一个ser的文件

3.1、生成cobertura.ser文件

cobertura-instrument--destination instrumented org/konghao/manager/（包的名称）

4、基于ser文件运行测试

4.1、java-cplib/junit-4.10.jar;lib/cobertura.jar;instrumented;.;-Dnet.sourceforge.cobertura.datafile=cobertura.serorg.junit.runner.JUnitCore org.konghao.manager.TestUserManager

5、根据ser文件生成测试覆盖率的报告

  特别注意：如果文件的编码是utf-8的，在生成报告前需要为cobertura-report.bat文件增加DfileEncoding的处理

cobertura-report--format html --datafile cobertura.ser --destination reports src