Docker(二)--docker镜像的基础操作

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-05 08:27:22 发布

猪中梁朝伟

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-05 08:27:22 发布

阅读量262

点赞数

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xiaochenwj1995/article/details/106071060

版权

一、docker镜像解析

Docker镜像含有启动容器所需要的文件系统及其内容，因此，
其用于创建并启动docker容器
采用分层构建机制，最底层为bootfs，其之为rootfs
bootfs：用于系统引导的文件系统，包括bootloader和kernel，容器启动完
成后会被卸载以节约内存资源；
rootfs：位于bootfs之上，表现为docker容器的根文件系统;
传统模式中，系统启动之时，内核挂载rootfs时会首先将其挂载为“只读”模式，
完整性自检完成后将其重新挂载为读写模式；
docker中，rootfs由内核挂载为“只读”模式，而后通过“联合挂载 ”技术额外挂载一个“可写”层；

二、镜像打标签

docker tag

语法：

 docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]

示例：

基于ID打标

[root@centos7 ~]# docker tag 4085594806b3 chenwenj/httpd:v2
[root@centos7 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
chenwenj/httpd      v1                  4085594806b3        3 hours ago         1.22MB
chenwenj/httpd      v2                  4085594806b3        3 hours ago         1.22MB
busybox             latest              be5888e67be6        3 weeks ago         1.22MB
nginx               1.14-alpine         8a2fb25a19f5        13 months ago       16MB

基于名称和标签打标

[root@centos7 ~]# docker tag chenwenj/httpd:v3 chenwenj/httpd:latest
[root@centos7 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY                                         TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
chenwenj/httpd                                     latest              74fa40de95fa        3 hours ago         1.22MB
chenwenj/httpd                                     v3                  74fa40de95fa        3 hours ago         1.22MB

为私有Registry打标

	示例：docker tag 9133dae37bd8 myregistry:5000/busybox/httpd:v0.1

[root@centos7 ~]# docker tag chenwenj/httpd:v3 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/chenwenj/httpd:v3
[root@centos7 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY                                         TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
chenwenj/httpd                                     v3                  74fa40de95fa        3 hours ago         1.22MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/chenwenj/httpd   v3                  74fa40de95fa        3 hours ago         1.22MB

三、基于容器制作镜像

1、启动容器，执行需要的修改操作

[root@centos7 ~]# docker run --name busy1 -it busybox
/ # mkdir -p /data/html
/ # vi /data/html/index.html
/ # cat /data/html/index.html 
<h1>Busybox test page</h1>

2、提交镜像
注意：此时容器不能关闭

[root@centos7 ~]# docker commit -a "Chenwj<cwj@cwj.com>" -p busy1 chenwenj/httpd:v2
sha256:64f652f7cc635455df00c79dce01e341ca1dde737866b0c8d546b334980538bf
[root@centos7 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
chenwenj/httpd      v2                  64f652f7cc63        24 seconds ago      1.22MB

新制作的镜像运行为容器

[root@centos7 ~]# docker run --name web2 -it chenwenj/httpd:v2
/ # ls 
bin   data  dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
/ # cat /data/html/index.html 
<h1>Busybox test page</h1>
/ #

在提交镜像的同时，也可以修改默认运行的命令

[root@centos7 ~]# docker commit -a "Chenwj<cwj@cwj.com>" -c 'CMD ["/bin/httpd","-f","-h","/data/html"]' -p web2 chenwenj/httpd:v3
sha256:b2b9f5beb07d23126ae9dc36a3eb2fc925bfcc101de4a32232bd33e39d210acf

[root@centos7 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
chenwenj/httpd      v3                  17514a5c90d6        21 seconds ago      1.22MB
chenwenj/httpd      v2                  64f652f7cc63        12 minutes ago      1.22MB
busybox             latest              be5888e67be6        3 weeks ago         1.22MB

新制作的镜像运行为容器

[root@centos7 ~]# docker run --name web3 chenwenj/httpd:v3

查看运行的容器状况，可以看出新制作的容器已经修改了默认运行命令。

[root@centos7 ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
38b2335b6b9b        chenwenj/httpd:v3   "/bin/httpd -f -h /d…"   29 seconds ago      Up 28 seconds                           web3
5e89153e97de        chenwenj/httpd:v2   "sh"                     2 hours ago         Up 2 hours                              web2
6ce6ede2319f        busybox             "sh"                     7 hours ago         Up 2 hours                              busy1

3、推送镜像

推送到docker hub
登录

[root@centos7 ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: chenwenj
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

docker push

[root@centos7 ~]# docker push chenwenj/httpd:v2
The push refers to repository [docker.io/chenwenj/httpd]
9b564183233a: Pushed 
5b0d2d635df8: Mounted from library/busybox 
v1: digest: sha256:ff7c926495a6f5efd8e2cfa83b2f2a1ffc6427484552b116682dd7732519f33c size: 734

在这里插入图片描述
推送到阿里云的镜像仓库
登录阿里云Docker Registry

[root@centos7 ~]# sudo docker login --username=猪中梁朝伟 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

给镜像重新打上标签。由于不是默认的docker hub仓库，因此这里这里打标时要指定服务器地址。

示例：$ sudo docker tag [ImageId] registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/chenwenj/httpd:[镜像版本号]

[root@centos7 ~]# docker tag chenwenj/httpd:v3 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/chenwenj/httpd:v3
[root@centos7 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY                                         TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
chenwenj/httpd                                     v3                  74fa40de95fa        3 hours ago         1.22MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/chenwenj/httpd   v3                  74fa40de95fa        3 hours ago         1.22MB

推送到阿里云Docker Registry

[root@centos7 ~]# docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/chenwenj/httpd:v3
The push refers to repository [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/chenwenj/httpd]
22998cf8f3fd: Pushed 
5b0d2d635df8: Pushed 
v3: digest: sha256:ba743748299ed0574fbeea4141e3f90410340924381e4cc98f5f7bc28a33b877 size: 734

在这里插入图片描述

四、删除镜像

现在本地一共有5个镜像，有三个镜像是基于同一个镜像ID（一个镜像关联多个tag），此时如果删除其中一个镜像，其实并不是删除镜像本身，只是把其标签去除。

[root@centos7 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY                                         TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
chenwenj/httpd                                     latest              74fa40de95fa        3 hours ago         1.22MB
chenwenj/httpd                                     v3                  74fa40de95fa        3 hours ago         1.22MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/chenwenj/httpd   v3                  74fa40de95fa        3 hours ago         1.22MB
busybox                                            latest              be5888e67be6        3 weeks ago         1.22MB
nginx                                              1.14-alpine         8a2fb25a19f5        13 months ago       16MB

此时镜像并不会被删除，只是Untagged，只有最后一个标签被删除时，镜像才会被删除。

[root@centos7 ~]# docker image rm chenwenj/httpd:latest
Untagged: chenwenj/httpd:latest

镜像正在被某个容器引用时是无法删除的

[root@centos7 ~]# docker image rm busybox
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "busybox" (must force) - container 7adf8cf4e55b is using its referenced image be5888e67be6