Filter过滤器学习小结

        这段时间对servlet和filter的知识点复习了一下，通过几个小小例子的时间，明白了Servlet过滤器的功能，也从例子中体会到了Filter的工作方法。下面做个小小的总结：

        Servlet过滤器能够对Servlet容器的请求、响应对象进行检查和修改，而自己本身并不产生请求和响应对象，只起到一个过滤的作用，也因此称之为“过滤器”。呵呵

        Servlet过滤器是Java Servlet 规范2.3的一部份，所有的Servlet过滤器都必须实现javax.servlet.Filter接口。必须实现以下三个方法：

• init(FilterConfig)   //过滤器的初始化方法
• doFilter(ServletRequest,ServletResponse,FilterChain)  //主要完成实际的过滤操作 FilterChain参数用于访问后续过滤器
• destroy( )  // 释放Servlet过滤器占用的资源

总之,filter能实现很多功能，如字符集定义,权限控制,还可以用于资源访问时限制ip等，什么时候用当然要根据你的实际情况来决定，下面给几个例子，可以体会一下！

字符集定义，多用与中文问题。
public class CharSetFilter implements javax.servlet.Filter { protected String encoding = null; protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null; /** * Take this filter out of service. */ public void destroy() { this.encoding = null; this.filterConfig = null; } public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { if (request.getCharacterEncoding() == null) { String encoding = selectEncoding(request); if (encoding != null) request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding); } // Pass control on to the next filter chain.doFilter(request, response); } /** * Place this filter into service. * * @param filterConfig The filter configuration object */ public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { this.filterConfig = filterConfig; this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");//取web.xml中配的参数 } protected String selectEncoding(ServletRequest request) { return (this.encoding); } }

web.xml中的配置:

<filter> <filter-name>SetEncoding</filter-name> <filter-class>com.xxxx.filter.CharSetFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name><!-- 指定编码 --> <param-value>GB2312</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>SetEncoding</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>//对所有的请求都指定字符集 </filter-mapping>

权限控制(只判断session有没有值，可以扩展到更复杂)
public class CheckSessionFilter implements Filter { protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null; protected boolean checkit = true; protected String user_key="user_id"; protected String sessiοnerrοr="/error.jsp"; protected String sessionerror2=""; protected String special=null; /** * destroy * * @todo Implement this javax.servlet.Filter method */ public void destroy() { this.filterConfig =null; this.checkit =true; this.user_key ="user_id"; this.sessionerror ="/error.jsp"; this.sessionerror2 =""; this.special =null; } /** * doFilter * * @param servletRequest ServletRequest * @param servletResponse ServletResponse * @param filterChain FilterChain * @throws IOException * @throws ServletException * @todo Implement this javax.servlet.Filter method */ public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { if(servletRequest instanceof HttpServletRequest){ HttpServletRequest servlets = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest; HttpSession session=servlets.getSession(); Object user=session.getAttribute(this.user_key ); //System.out.println(user); boolean find=false; int types=1; if(this.special !=null){ String[] temp=TheStrings.split(special,","); String paths=servlets.getServletPath() ; if(paths.indexOf("league")>=0){ types=2; } if(temp.length >=0){ for(int i=0;i<temp.length ;i++){ if(paths.indexOf(temp[i])>=0) { find=true; break; } } } //String address=servlets.getr } if(!find&&(user==null||user.toString() .trim() .length() ==0)){ if(types==2){ servletRequest.getRequestDispatcher(this.sessionerror2).forward(servletRequest,servletResponse); } else{ servletRequest.getRequestDispatcher(this.sessionerror).forward(servletRequest,servletResponse); } }else{ filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse); } }else{ filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse); } } /** * init * * @param filterConfig FilterConfig * @throws ServletException * @todo Implement this javax.servlet.Filter method */ public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig2) throws ServletException { this.filterConfig = filterConfig2; String check=filterConfig.getInitParameter("checkit"); String user_keys=filterConfig.getInitParameter("user_key"); String sessionerrors=filterConfig.getInitParameter("errorPath"); String sessionerrors2=filterConfig.getInitParameter("errorPath_league"); String specials=filterConfig.getInitParameter("special"); if(check==null) this.checkit =true; else if(check.equals("true")) this.checkit =true; else this.checkit =false; if(user_keys!=null&&user_keys.trim().length() >0) this.user_key =user_keys; if(sessionerrors!=null&&sessionerrors.trim().length() >0) this.sessionerror =sessionerrors; if(sessionerrors2!=null&&sessionerrors2.trim().length() >0) this.sessionerror2 =sessionerrors2; if(specials!=null&&specials.trim().length() >0) this.special=specials; } }

对应web.xml配置:

 

<filter> <filter-name>checkSession</filter-name> <filter-class>com.xxxx.filter.CheckSessionFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>checkit</param-name><!-- 是否检查权限 --> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>user_key</param-name><!-- session中的关键key --> <param-value>username</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>errorPath</param-name> <param-value>/error/sessionTimeout.jsp</param-value><!-- 错误页面（后台） --> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>errorPath_league</param-name> <param-value>/error/sessionTimeout2.jsp</param-value><!-- 错误页面（前台）--> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>special</param-name> <param-value>redirect.jsp,login.jsp,add</param-value><!-- 不需要权限控制的资源列表 --> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>checkSession</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*.jsp</url-pattern><!-- filter的作用域 --> </filter-mapping>