java中输入输出流的简单使用

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http://blog.csdn.net/xiaoduan_/article/details/79343276

java输入输出流

输出流

输入流

绝对路径和相对路径

• 绝对路径：从盘符开始的路径
• 相对路径：从当前路径开始的路径

字节流

字节输入流InputStream

1. FileInputStream 文件输入流

• 从文件系统中的某个文件中获得输入字节

• 用于读取诸如图像数据之类的原始字节流

  1. FileInputStream的常用方法

方法名	说明
public int read()	从输入流中读取一个数据字节，如果返回值是-1，则表示已经到达文件末尾
public int read(byte[] b)	从输入流中将最多b.length个字节的数据读入byte数组中
public int read(byte[] b,int off, int len)	从输入流中将最多len个字节的书数据读入byte数组中
public void close()	关闭此文件输入流并释放与此流有关的所有系统资源

例子

package com.company;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Description:文件练习
 * @Date: Created in 15:36 2018/2/21
 * @Author: Anthony_Duan
 */
public class FileInputDemo1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("/Users/duanjiaxing/data/imooc/test");
            int n;
            while ((n=fis.read())!=-1){
                System.out.print((char)n);
            }
            fis.close();
        }catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch(IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        /*字节数组的方式
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("imooc.txt");
            byte[] b=new byte[100];
            fis.read(b,0,5);
            System.out.println(new String(b));
            fis.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        */

    }
}

字节输出流OutputStream

1. FileOutputStream文件输出流常用方法

方法名	说明
public void write(int b)	将制定字节写入此文件输入流
public void write(byte[] b)	将b.length个字节从制定byte数组写入此文件输出流中
public void write (byte[] b, int off,int len)	将制定byte数组中从偏移量off开始的len个字节写入此文件输出流
public void close()	关闭此文件输出流并释放此流有关的所有系统资源

文件拷贝例子

package com.company;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;Ï
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Description: 文件拷贝练习
 * @Date: Created in 15:49 2018/2/21
 * @Author: Anthony_Duan
 */
public class FileOutputDemo1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("/Users/duanjiaxing/data/imooc/test");
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("/Users/duanjiaxing/data/imooc/test1");
            int n = 0;
            byte[] b = new byte[1024];
            while ((n=fis.read(b))!=-1){
                fos.write(b,0,n);
            }
            fis.close();
            fos.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

缓冲流

• 缓冲输入流BufferedInputStream
• 缓冲输出流BufferedOutputStream

例子

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class BufferedDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("/Users/duanjiaxing/data/imooc/test");
            BufferedOutputStream bos=new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
            FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("/Users/duanjiaxing/data/imooc/test");
            BufferedInputStream bis=new BufferedInputStream(fis);
            long startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
            bos.write(50);
            bos.write('a');
            bos.flush();
            System.out.println(bis.read());
            System.out.println((char)bis.read());
            long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println(endTime-startTime);
            fos.close();
            bos.close();
            fis.close();
            bis.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

字符流

• 字符输入流Reader
  

• 字符输出流Writer
  

字节字符转换流

• InputStreamReader
• OutputStreamWriter

例子

package com.imooc.charstream;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;

public class ReaderDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("/Users/duanjiaxing/data/imooc/test");
            InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(fis,"GBK");
            BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr);
            FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("/Users/duanjiaxing/data/imooc/test");
            OutputStreamWriter osw=new OutputStreamWriter(fos,"GBK");
            BufferedWriter bw=new BufferedWriter(osw);
            int n=0;
            char[] cbuf=new char[10];
//          while((n=isr.read())!=-1){
//                 System.out.print((char)n);
//          }
//          while((n=isr.read(cbuf))!=-1){
//              String s=new String(cbuf,0,n);
//              System.out.print(s);
//          }
            while((n=br.read(cbuf))!=-1){
                //String s=new String(cbuf,0,n);
                bw.write(cbuf, 0, n);
                bw.flush();
            }
            fis.close();
            fos.close();
            isr.close();
            osw.close();
            br.close();
            bw.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }

}

对象序列化

• 对象输入流ObjectInputStream
• 对象输出流ObjectOutputStream
• 序列化步骤
  
  • 创建一个类，继承Serializable接口
  • 创建对象
  • 将对象写入文件
  • 从文件读取对象信息

例子

package com.imooc.serial;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

public class GoodsTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 定义Goods类的对象
        Goods goods1 = new Goods("gd001", "电脑", 3000);
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("/Users/duanjiaxing/data/imooc/test");
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("/Users/duanjiaxing/data/imooc/test");
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
            // 将Goods对象信息写入文件
            oos.writeObject(goods1);
            oos.writeBoolean(true);
            oos.flush();
            // 读对象信息
            try {
                Goods goods = (Goods) ois.readObject();
                System.out.println(goods);
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(ois.readBoolean());

            fos.close();
            oos.close();
            fis.close();
            ois.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}