工厂方法模式
定义与类型
定义:工厂方法模式定义一个用于创建对象的接口,让子类决定实例化哪一个类。工厂方法使一个类的实例化延迟到其子类。属于创建型
适用场景
- 创建对象需要大量的代码
- 客户端不需要知道产品类型如何创建的细节
- 一个类通过其子类来指定创建哪个对象
优点
- 用户只需要关心产品所对应的工程无需关心细节
- 加入新产品符合开闭原则,提高可扩展性
缺点
- 类的个数增多,增加了系统的复杂性
- 增加了系统的抽象性和可理解性
场景例子
教学视频工厂
视频抽象类
UML
代码
package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;
/**
* @ Description:
* @ Date: Created in 15:33 2018-11-26
* @ Author: Anthony_Duan
*/
public abstract class Video {
public abstract void produce();
}
基于video抽象类的具体实体类
package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;
/**
* @ Description:
* @ Date: Created in 15:34 2018-11-26
* @ Author: Anthony_Duan
*/
public class JavaVideo extends Video {
@Override
public void produce() {
System.out.println("录制Java课程视频");
}
}
package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;
/**
* @ Description:
* @ Date: Created in 15:37 2018-11-26
* @ Author: Anthony_Duan
*/
public class PythonVideo extends Video {
@Override
public void produce() {
System.out.println("录制Python课程视频");
}
}
视频类的工厂方法,这里一般是一个抽象类,因为要将创建方法交给其子类实现
package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;
/**
* @ Description:工厂模式
* @ Date: Created in 15:39 2018-11-26
* @ Author: Anthony_Duan
*/
public abstract class VideoFactory {
abstract Video getVideo();
}
具体实现的工厂子类
package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;
/**
* @ Description:
* @ Date: Created in 17:06 2018-11-26
* @ Author: Anthony_Duan
*/
public class JavaVideoFactory extends VideoFactory {
@Override
Video getVideo() {
return new JavaVideo();
}
}
package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;
/**
* @ Description:
* @ Date: Created in 17:06 2018-11-26
* @ Author: Anthony_Duan
*/
public class PythonVideoFactory extends VideoFactory {
@Override
Video getVideo() {
return new PythonVideo();
}
}
工厂方法测试类
package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;
/**
* @ Description: 工厂方法测试类
* @ Date: Created in 15:41 2018-11-26
* @ Author: Anthony_Duan
*/
public class test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
VideoFactory videoFactory = new JavaVideoFactory();
VideoFactory videoFactory2 = new PythonVideoFactory();
Video video = videoFactory.getVideo();
Video video2 = videoFactory2.getVideo();
video.produce();
video2.produce();
}
}