工厂方法模式

工厂方法模式

定义与类型

定义：工厂方法模式定义一个用于创建对象的接口，让子类决定实例化哪一个类。工厂方法使一个类的实例化延迟到其子类。属于创建型

适用场景

• 创建对象需要大量的代码
• 客户端不需要知道产品类型如何创建的细节
• 一个类通过其子类来指定创建哪个对象

优点

• 用户只需要关心产品所对应的工程无需关心细节
• 加入新产品符合开闭原则，提高可扩展性

缺点

• 类的个数增多，增加了系统的复杂性
• 增加了系统的抽象性和可理解性

场景例子

教学视频工厂
视频抽象类

UML

代码

package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;

/**
 * @ Description:
 * @ Date: Created in 15:33 2018-11-26
 * @ Author: Anthony_Duan
 */
public abstract class Video {
    public abstract void produce();
}

基于video抽象类的具体实体类

package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;

/**
 * @ Description:
 * @ Date: Created in 15:34 2018-11-26
 * @ Author: Anthony_Duan
 */
public class JavaVideo extends Video {

    @Override
    public void produce() {
        System.out.println("录制Java课程视频");

    }
}

package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;

/**
 * @ Description:
 * @ Date: Created in 15:37 2018-11-26
 * @ Author: Anthony_Duan
 */
public class PythonVideo extends Video {
    @Override
    public void produce() {
        System.out.println("录制Python课程视频");
    }
}

视频类的工厂方法，这里一般是一个抽象类，因为要将创建方法交给其子类实现

package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;

/**
 * @ Description:工厂模式
 * @ Date: Created in 15:39 2018-11-26
 * @ Author: Anthony_Duan
 */
public abstract class VideoFactory {
    abstract Video getVideo();
}

具体实现的工厂子类

package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;

/**
 * @ Description:
 * @ Date: Created in 17:06 2018-11-26
 * @ Author: Anthony_Duan
 */
public class JavaVideoFactory extends VideoFactory {
    @Override
    Video getVideo() {
        return new JavaVideo();
    }
}

package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;

/**
 * @ Description:
 * @ Date: Created in 17:06 2018-11-26
 * @ Author: Anthony_Duan
 */
public class PythonVideoFactory extends VideoFactory {


    @Override
    Video getVideo() {
        return new PythonVideo();
    }
}

工厂方法测试类

package com.anthony.design.pattern.creational.factorymethod;

/**
 * @ Description: 工厂方法测试类
 * @ Date: Created in 15:41 2018-11-26
 * @ Author: Anthony_Duan
 */
public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        VideoFactory videoFactory = new JavaVideoFactory();
        VideoFactory videoFactory2 = new PythonVideoFactory();
        Video video = videoFactory.getVideo();
        Video video2 = videoFactory2.getVideo();
        video.produce();
        video2.produce();
    }
}