Oracle 23ai rpm安装配置及问题处理

1.安装介质下载 

Oracle 23ai 免费版本已经正式发布，Oracle官网提供免费的下载试用（无需账号）地址如下

官网下载和试用地址 Oracle Database 23ai Free：

https://www.oracle.com/database/free/get-started  

  三种安装方式可选 docker，vm和rpm安装包

rpm安装包仅支持linux8/9

rpm安装包大概1.3GB，可以官网下载，如果官网下载较慢可以选择关注我公众号：潇湘秦，然后点：发消息->23ai-rpm 获得网盘链接

2.Oracle 23ai rpm安装

 本文使用Redhat8.5安装oracle23ai

2.1 将安装包上传到主机

oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpmoracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm

2.2执行preinstall 安装依赖包（root用户）

[root]#  dnf install -y oracle-database-preinstall*Last metadata expiration check: 0:37:48 ago on Wed 08 May 2024 09:56:29 AM CST.Dependencies resolved.============================================================================================================================================================= Package                                        Architecture          Version                                         Repository                        Size=============================================================================================================================================================Installing: oracle-database-preinstall-23ai                x86_64                1.0-2.el8                                       @commandline                      30 kInstalling dependencies: compat-openssl10                               x86_64                1:1.0.2o-4.el8_6                                ol8_appstream                    1.1 M glibc-devel                                    x86_64                2.28-164.0.1.el8                                ol8_baseos_latest                1.0 M ksh                                            x86_64                20120801-259.0.1.el8                            ol8_appstream                    923 k libxcrypt-devel                                x86_64                4.1.1-6.el8                                     ol8_baseos_latest                 25 k lm_sensors-libs                                x86_64                3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8                 ol8_baseos_latest                 59 k make                                           x86_64                1:4.2.1-11.el8                                  ol8_baseos_latest                498 k sysstat                                        x86_64                11.7.3-11.0.1.el8                               ol8_appstream                    427 k
Transaction Summary=============================================================================================================================================================Install  8 Packages
Total size: 4.1 MTotal download size: 4.0 MInstalled size: 10 MDownloading Packages:(1/7): libxcrypt-devel-4.1.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                 30 kB/s |  25 kB     00:00(2/7): lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                             49 kB/s |  59 kB     00:01(3/7): make-4.2.1-11.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                          304 kB/s | 498 kB     00:01(4/7): glibc-devel-2.28-164.0.1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                               385 kB/s | 1.0 MB     00:02(5/7): compat-openssl10-1.0.2o-4.el8_6.x86_64.rpm                                                                            645 kB/s | 1.1 MB     00:01(6/7): ksh-20120801-259.0.1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                   1.3 MB/s | 923 kB     00:00(7/7): sysstat-11.7.3-11.0.1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                  611 kB/s | 427 kB     00:00-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total                                                                                                                        1.2 MB/s | 4.0 MB     00:03Running transaction checkTransaction check succeeded.Running transaction testTransaction test succeeded.Running transaction  Preparing        :                                                                                                                                     1/1  Installing       : libxcrypt-devel-4.1.1-6.el8.x86_64                                                                                                  1/8  Installing       : glibc-devel-2.28-164.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                 2/8  Running scriptlet: glibc-devel-2.28-164.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                 2/8  Installing       : make-1:4.2.1-11.el8.x86_64                                                                                                          3/8  Running scriptlet: make-1:4.2.1-11.el8.x86_64                                                                                                          3/8  Installing       : compat-openssl10-1:1.0.2o-4.el8_6.x86_64                                                                                            4/8  Running scriptlet: compat-openssl10-1:1.0.2o-4.el8_6.x86_64                                                                                            4/8  Installing       : ksh-20120801-259.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                     5/8  Running scriptlet: ksh-20120801-259.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                     5/8  Installing       : lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64                                                                              6/8  Running scriptlet: lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64                                                                              6/8  Installing       : sysstat-11.7.3-11.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                    7/8  Running scriptlet: sysstat-11.7.3-11.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                    7/8  Installing       : oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64                                                                                    8/8  Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64                                                                                    8/8  Verifying        : glibc-devel-2.28-164.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                 1/8  Verifying        : libxcrypt-devel-4.1.1-6.el8.x86_64                                                                                                  2/8  Verifying        : lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64                                                                              3/8  Verifying        : make-1:4.2.1-11.el8.x86_64                                                                                                          4/8  Verifying        : compat-openssl10-1:1.0.2o-4.el8_6.x86_64                                                                                            5/8  Verifying        : ksh-20120801-259.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                     6/8  Verifying        : sysstat-11.7.3-11.0.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                    7/8  Verifying        : oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64                                                                                    8/8
Installed:  compat-openssl10-1:1.0.2o-4.el8_6.x86_64               glibc-devel-2.28-164.0.1.el8.x86_64                          ksh-20120801-259.0.1.el8.x86_64  libxcrypt-devel-4.1.1-6.el8.x86_64                     lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64       make-1:4.2.1-11.el8.x86_64  oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64       sysstat-11.7.3-11.0.1.el8.x86_64
Complete!

2.3 执行安装包（root）

[root@tmp]#dnf install -y oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpmLast metadata expiration check: 0:38:37 ago on Wed 08 May 2024 09:56:29 AM CST.Dependencies resolved.============================================================================================================================================================= Package                                           Architecture                   Version                         Repository                            Size=============================================================================================================================================================Installing: oracle-database-free-23ai                         x86_64                         1.0-1                           @commandline                         1.3 G
Transaction Summary=============================================================================================================================================================Install  1 Package
Total size: 1.3 GInstalled size: 3.6 GDownloading Packages:Running transaction checkTransaction check succeeded.Running transaction testTransaction test succeeded.Running transaction  Preparing        :                                                                                                                                     1/1  Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                              1/1  Installing       : oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                              1/1  Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                              1/1[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.To configure Oracle Database Free, optionally modify the parameters in '/etc/sysconfig/oracle-free-23ai.conf' and then run '/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure' as root.
  Verifying        : oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                              1/1
Installed:  oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64
Complete!

2.4 初始化数据库

[root@tmp]# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configureSpecify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:Confirm the password: --输入sys/system的密码Configuring Oracle Listener.Listener configuration succeeded.Configuring Oracle Database FREE.Enter SYS user password:***********Enter SYSTEM user password:*************Enter PDBADMIN User Password:***********Prepare for db operation7% completeCopying database files29% completeCreating and starting Oracle instance30% complete33% complete36% complete39% complete43% completeCompleting Database Creation47% complete49% complete50% completeCreating Pluggable Databases54% complete71% completeExecuting Post Configuration Actions93% completeRunning Custom Scripts100% completeDatabase creation complete. For details check the logfiles at: /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE.Database Information:Global Database Name:FREESystem Identifier(SID):FREELook at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE/FREE.log" for further details.
Connect to Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:     Pluggable database: ORACLE01T/FREEPDB1     Multitenant container database: ORACLE01T[root@ORACLE01T tmp]#

2.5 环境变量配置

   数据库配置后su 到oracle 用户下 发现无法登陆进数据库，

ps -ef|grep smon  看到实例已经在运行，提示没有配置环境变量

[root@ORACLE01T tmp]# su - oracle[oracle@ORACLE01T ~]$ cd /opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree/bin/[oracle@ORACLE01T bin]$[oracle@ORACLE01T bin]$ ./sqlplus / as sysdbaError 6 initializing SQL*PlusSP2-0667: Message file sp1<lang>.msb not foundSP2-0750: You may need to set ORACLE_HOME to your Oracle software directory[oracle@SZSPLORACLE01T ~]$ ps -ef|grep smonoracle     42755       1  0 10:49 ?        00:00:00 db_smon_FREEoracle     43387   43294  0 10:56 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto smon-----------------------------------------------

配置环境变量

vi /home/oracle/.bash_profileexport PATHexport TMP=/tmpexport TMPDIR=$TMPexport ORACLE_SID=FREEexport ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/23ai/dbhomeFreeexport TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATHexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH# User specific environment and startup programs

配置好环境变量后，sqlplus登入提示idle instance，但是确认oracle_sid配置无误

PS:Oracle23ai新特性-报错信息更详细，提供报错信息的官网链接，但是个人认为作用不大，官网只是提供了报错的官方定义，对于解决问题并没有太大的作用

Solution：我这里的处理方法比较粗暴,直接kill掉smon 相当于强制关库，然后重新启动即可

这样Oracle 23ai rpm报的安装方式就完成了，相较于之前的版本安装确实简洁了非常非常多，关注博主，后续更新更多23ai新特性

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