TNS-12541: TNS:no listener TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error TNS-00511: No listener Linux Error:

  今天是2014-06-17，遇到一个非常奇怪的问题，可能之前测试修改监听的原因，导致监听启动后自动关闭，特此记录一下整个处理过程，
监听配置文件信息如下：

[oracle@dg1 admin]$ more listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.4.181)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER=  
  (SID_LIST=  
      (SID_DESC=  
         (GLOBAL_DBNAME=dg1)  
         (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)  
        (SID_NAME=dg1)  
   )  
  )

启动监听之后3秒自动关闭，如下：

[oracle@dg1 admin]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-JUN-2014 22:54:06

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dg1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.4.181)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.4.181)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                17-JUN-2014 22:54:08
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dg1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.4.181)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "dg1" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "dg1", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ 
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-JUN-2014 22:55:44

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.4.181)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ 

查看日志如下：

Started with pid=1750
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.4.181)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listener completed notification to CRS on start

TIMESTAMP * CONNECT DATA [* PROTOCOL INFO] * EVENT [* SID] * RETURN CODE
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
17-JUN-2014 22:50:15 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=dg1)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186647552)) * status * 0
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
17-JUN-2014 22:50:18 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=dg1)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186647552)) * status * 0
Tue Jun 17 22:54:08 2014
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dg1/listener/alert/log.xml
Trace information written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dg1/listener/trace/ora_1774_140208538629888.trc
Trace level is currently 0

Started with pid=1774
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.4.181)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listener completed notification to CRS on start

TIMESTAMP * CONNECT DATA [* PROTOCOL INFO] * EVENT [* SID] * RETURN CODE
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
17-JUN-2014 22:54:08 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=dg1)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186647552)) * status * 0

查看日志没有发现什么问题，查看一下mos：
问题原因：

1. There is possibly an incorrect IP Address specified for the host in the /etc/hosts file.
For example:
192.168.101.101 prod1.us.oracle.com prod1
Whereas the actual ip address for the host "prod1.us.oracle.com" is 192.168.101.110
 
2. Also, the localhost reference may be incorrect or missing from the /etc/hosts file.
 
3. Oracle may not have read access to /etc/nsswitch.conf file.

问题解决办法：

To implement the solution, please execute the following steps:

1. Correct the mapping in the /etc/hosts file by adding/correcting the IP address and/or hostname reference for the Unix/Linux Server (both long and short host names).
For example:

# Add or edit the /etc/hosts file to include a valid entry for the Server:
192.168.101.110     prod1.us.oracle.com     prod1

2. Check that the localhost loopback name and address are correct (both long and short host names).
An example of a correct localhost entry would be as follows:

127.0.0.1     localhost.localdomain    localhost

3. Remember to save the /etc/hosts file and then start the listener.
 
4. Check permissions on /etc/nsswitch.conf file to ensure group and other have read access.

   - If necessary change permisions on /etc/nsswitch.conf as follows:

          chmod 644 /etc/nsswitch.conf

将主机配置文件/etc/hosts修改过后问题即可解决：

127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain      localhost     dg1
::1     localhost.localdomain           dg1
192.168.4.181 dg1
192.168.4.182 dg2

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