1.Growth curve
Figure 3. Growth curve of the NOB culture | ||||||
NO2−-N | NO3−-N | nxrA | ||||
时间/h | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD |
0 | 104.7744 | 0.7002 | 20.7565 | 0.4076 | 26013.8604 | 457.3454 |
24 | 99.0563 | 0.4541 | 26.5786 | 0.1476 | 28398.7347 | 434.9381 |
48 | 83.8489 | 0.1429 | 42.8083 | 0.1205 | 65218.2563 | 2789.0500 |
60 | 73.3162 | 0.3430 | 53.0842 | 0.2007 | 266655.0680 | 11918.9382 |
72 | 60.4173 | 0.2645 | 65.1598 | 1.1043 | 557598.1493 | 34901.2365 |
80 | 46.1029 | 0.5799 | 80.0742 | 0.4112 | 981551.5816 | 17256.4963 |
88 | 26.1438 | 0.3510 | 98.1335 | 0.7404 | 1589550.0809 | 54979.7712 |
92 | 13.9397 | 0.2798 | 111.4618 | 0.4063 | 1803443.8539 | 45991.3210 |
96 | 0.1079 | 0.0044 | 125.6028 | 0.8391 | 1897598.5297 | 37940.1023 |
2.Temperature
Figure 4. Effect of temperature on the nitrification of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. | ||||||||||||||||
4℃ | 10℃ | 15℃ | 20℃ | 25℃ | 30℃ | 37℃ | 40℃ | |||||||||
Time | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD |
2 h | 102.2295 | 2.8343 | 105.3581 | 2.4115 | 103.0893 | 4.9631 | 97.4245 | 1.8718 | 99.2175 | 1.2898 | 93.5095 | 2.7196 | 96.4729 | 1.1133 | 92.3587 | 0.4311 |
6 h | 98.2961 | 1.3378 | 97.1348 | 0.7142 | 94.5960 | 2.3605 | 90.1790 | 3.8440 | 87.1763 | 4.3677 | 85.5314 | 1.5372 | 87.8801 | 1.0555 | 87.4803 | 1.9636 |
10 h | 101.3251 | 0.7884 | 94.9342 | 3.8018 | 94.9421 | 1.9651 | 91.7938 | 2.1640 | 85.7948 | 4.1535 | 79.7814 | 2.9987 | 80.5586 | 3.7328 | 84.9756 | 1.0113 |
14 h | 99.2804 | 0.6951 | 96.3904 | 0.5175 | 95.7586 | 0.8498 | 88.1816 | 1.5993 | 81.3214 | 2.1816 | 75.0642 | 1.7747 | 68.9892 | 4.9801 | 80.8037 | 2.0019 |
18 h | 98.3263 | 2.0323 | 93.6366 | 1.3528 | 90.2551 | 4.6040 | 87.8998 | 0.7538 | 72.9016 | 6.6768 | 66.5172 | 2.2634 | 62.1723 | 6.4513 | 79.3056 | 2.6304 |
22 h | 99.1979 | 1.2091 | 95.2697 | 1.5119 | 93.7074 | 3.6187 | 82.8720 | 1.5859 | 64.3808 | 3.1959 | 53.3173 | 1.1747 | 51.6908 | 5.1109 | 73.9895 | 1.3446 |
26 h | 96.5280 | 2.7129 | 95.8045 | 0.9196 | 89.1829 | 3.4717 | 79.3122 | 1.8997 | 56.2100 | 2.8935 | 40.7387 | 1.6491 | 41.0926 | 6.0050 | 70.7442 | 2.5637 |
30 h | 99.1612 | 0.4965 | 95.7875 | 0.6986 | 89.5342 | 2.3992 | 73.7942 | 2.6926 | 43.7952 | 3.4045 | 25.4247 | 0.4485 | 29.1064 | 5.6795 | 70.2357 | 1.0793 |
34 h | 97.8347 | 1.0760 | 92.2407 | 0.2898 | 86.1657 | 1.6394 | 69.1832 | 2.0394 | 30.8457 | 1.4929 | 10.8263 | 0.9445 | 17.4649 | 5.3882 | 68.1962 | 2.5373 |
38 h | 97.5726 | 1.1370 | 92.6038 | 1.3235 | 85.3046 | 2.3538 | 61.2050 | 2.2806 | 15.6889 | 4.0994 | 0.1849 | 0.2864 | 7.6334 | 4.8052 | 62.5747 | 2.0781 |
42 h | 96.7312 | 0.7461 | 91.8371 | 0.5542 | 82.5744 | 2.4897 | 55.8883 | 2.6585 | 5.8141 | 1.0570 | 1.7922 | 2.1838 | 61.1487 | 1.6752 | ||
46 h | 96.0037 | 0.9248 | 91.9642 | 0.7478 | 78.5139 | 3.0288 | 48.4324 | 2.4410 | 59.7738 | 2.2330 |
3.DO
Figure 5. Effect of dissolved oxygen on the nitrification activity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. A. Change of nitrite concentration in the medium; B. Change of nitrate concentration in the medium. | ||||||||||||||
A. Change of nitrite concentration in the medium | B. Change of nitrate concentration in the medium | |||||||||||||
4.5 ± 0.5 mg/L | 6.8 ± 0.5 mg/L | 1.0 ± 0.5 mg/L | 4.5 ± 0.5 mg/L | 6.8 ± 0.5 mg/L | 1.0 ± 0.5 mg/L | |||||||||
Time | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | Time | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | |
0 h | 21.3838 | 0.4646 | 21.2479 | 0.1032 | 21.2855 | 0.1809 | 0h | 10.7864 | 0.2463 | 10.9385 | 0.0299 | 11.2763 | 0.2654 | |
12 h | 20.3661 | 0.3837 | 20.4668 | 0.0718 | 21.7410 | 0.6708 | 12h | 11.0099 | 0.0490 | 11.0984 | 0.1892 | 10.8439 | 0.1118 | |
24 h | 19.7369 | 0.3841 | 19.8936 | 0.2645 | 23.8256 | 3.0657 | 24h | 11.8470 | 0.2450 | 11.8548 | 0.1503 | 10.5262 | 0.4948 | |
36 h | 18.9643 | 0.5390 | 17.9546 | 0.1597 | 24.6422 | 1.9399 | 36h | 12.1478 | 0.1182 | 12.4641 | 0.0532 | 9.7342 | 0.8565 | |
48 h | 16.4812 | 1.0955 | 14.7234 | 0.4420 | 24.5406 | 1.6061 | 48h | 13.4351 | 0.2376 | 13.9489 | 0.3338 | 9.3507 | 0.8378 | |
60 h | 12.9738 | 1.4246 | 9.7489 | 0.1131 | 24.0674 | 1.7266 | 60h | 15.1068 | 0.4161 | 16.7048 | 0.2797 | 9.0369 | 0.9456 | |
72 h | 9.7600 | 1.5329 | 5.8282 | 0.3115 | 23.3813 | 1.2142 | 72h | 17.1232 | 0.7191 | 18.4775 | 0.4634 | 9.1329 | 1.4365 | |
84 h | 6.0252 | 1.6128 | 2.0499 | 0.2531 | 23.2496 | 1.4300 | 84h | 19.2738 | 0.7861 | 20.2549 | 0.1281 | 8.5958 | 1.3178 | |
92 h | 3.6288 | 1.5070 | 0.4679 | 0.0948 | 23.7955 | 2.0160 | 92h | 20.4694 | 0.4640 | 21.3471 | 0.3080 | 8.9985 | 2.4150 | |
96 h | 2.3914 | 1.3526 | 0.0681 | 0.0267 | 22.6919 | 2.3626 | 96h | 21.3029 | 0.3951 | 21.8571 | 0.1304 | 9.5998 | 2.4651 | |
100 h | 1.5079 | 1.0930 | 23.3577 | 2.5654 | 100h | 22.1197 | 0.3062 | 9.4086 | 2.3769 |
4.Salinity
Figure 6. Effect of salinity concentration on nitrification activity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. A. The salt used in the experiment was NaCl, the purity of which was more than 99.9%;B. The salt used in the experiment was commercial seawater crystal for aquaculture. | ||||||||||||||
A. The salt used in the experiment was NaCl, the purity of which was more than 99.9% | ||||||||||||||
0.76‰ | 5.72‰ | 10.64‰ | 15.52‰ | 20.34‰ | 25.11‰ | 29.84‰ | ||||||||
Time | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD |
0 h | 20.1114 | 0.2125 | 20.2094 | 0.7338 | 20.6179 | 0.9545 | 20.8215 | 0.6762 | 20.718 | 0.4935 | 20.638 | 0.4194 | 20.1067 | 0.4522 |
4 h | 19.3208 | 0.385 | 19.5135 | 0.5737 | 20.6033 | 1.0362 | 20.3943 | 0.2811 | 21.3157 | 0.5342 | 21.469 | 0.6145 | 21.5811 | 0.3225 |
8 h | 16.4596 | 0.4491 | 16.8339 | 0.672 | 16.8339 | 0.8789 | 18.6727 | 0.7119 | 19.442 | 0.3437 | 20.2147 | 0.5937 | 20.4906 | 0.2218 |
12 h | 14.2917 | 0.2995 | 15.4825 | 0.8953 | 16.6326 | 0.7288 | 16.9414 | 0.4824 | 16.4986 | 0.2163 | 16.6779 | 0.4671 | 18.0749 | 0.4658 |
16 h | 5.6445 | 0.2591 | 6.7146 | 0.4455 | 8.1459 | 0.5243 | 9.5385 | 0.4639 | 14.6729 | 0.2845 | 16.534 | 0.6678 | 17.4109 | 0.2929 |
20 h | 2.4598 | 0.2231 | 3.6827 | 0.4455 | 6.4106 | 1.5799 | 9.8462 | 0.7826 | 13.6217 | 0.4235 | 15.4045 | 0.5254 | 16.9553 | 0.1883 |
24 h | 0.0016 | 5.00E-04 | 0.6467 | 0.7288 | 5.9643 | 1.6121 | 8.0706 | 0.7231 | 12.097 | 0.239 | 15.0931 | 0.5533 | 16.4709 | 0.3221 |
28 h | 1.8271 | 1.503 | 7.8376 | 0.2437 | 11.6866 | 0.5316 | 13.6914 | 0.643 | 16.3209 | 0.3934 | ||||
32 h | 4.6658 | 1.0472 | 9.8006 | 0.2468 | 13.6963 | 0.719 | 15.5009 | 0.4536 | ||||||
36 h | 0.604 | 0.7122 | 8.752 | 0.6598 | 12.3689 | 0.6013 | 15.0915 | 0.356 | ||||||
40 h | 0.0382 | 0.0502 | 6.6525 | 0.7884 | 10.7515 | 0.4284 | 14.7226 | 0.4304 | ||||||
44 h | 3.8613 | 0.6547 | 10.8147 | 0.8387 | 13.9766 | 0.2786 | ||||||||
48 h | 1.0263 | 0.5383 | 9.0681 | 0.8982 | 11.6408 | 0.4544 | ||||||||
52 h | 0.0436 | 0.0335 | 3.3286 | 0.6015 | 10.518 | 0.4872 | ||||||||
56 h | 2.2331 | 0.1539 | 8.7601 | 0.6106 | ||||||||||
B. The salt used in the experiment was commercial seawater crystal for aquaculture. | ||||||||||||||
0.76‰ | 5.72‰ | 10.64‰ | 15.52‰ | 20.34‰ | 25.11‰ | 29.84‰ | ||||||||
Time | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD |
0 h | 20.1114 | 0.2125 | 19.0537 | 0.4192 | 19.789 | 0.4242 | 20.1651 | 0.4453 | 20.259 | 0.4057 | 20.6711 | 0.2537 | 21.0289 | 0.4732 |
4 h | 19.3208 | 0.385 | 18.921 | 0.5374 | 19.4368 | 0.1649 | 19.6228 | 0.5537 | 20.3602 | 0.5944 | 21.0994 | 0.2389 | 21.1073 | 0.4726 |
8 h | 16.4596 | 0.4491 | 16.4556 | 0.3352 | 16.0124 | 0.6717 | 17.0586 | 0.3306 | 18.4879 | 0.6586 | 19.7029 | 0.3007 | 20.1682 | 0.6622 |
12 h | 14.2917 | 0.2995 | 14.7118 | 0.4662 | 15.8848 | 0.3219 | 15.9576 | 0.6531 | 15.6517 | 0.4667 | 16.6596 | 0.3174 | 16.5783 | 0.3737 |
16 h | 5.6445 | 0.2591 | 5.9662 | 0.1218 | 6.9309 | 0.2583 | 8.0961 | 0.189 | 11.3023 | 0.3656 | 14.9216 | 0.8085 | 16.2824 | 0.7181 |
20 h | 2.4598 | 0.2231 | 2.9929 | 0.1264 | 4.6939 | 0.0914 | 7.1816 | 0.3739 | 10.0346 | 0.1931 | 13.0667 | 0.4107 | 15.0047 | 0.9609 |
24 h | 0.0016 | 5.00E-04 | 0.0212 | 0.0045 | 2.7201 | 0.2477 | 6.7516 | 0.367 | 8.9834 | 0.343 | 11.826 | 0.2408 | 14.2204 | 0.738 |
28 h | 0.0437 | 0.0133 | 3.1068 | 0.4009 | 8.6429 | 0.4745 | 11.0499 | 0.5373 | 13.4693 | 0.8937 | ||||
32 h | 0.1817 | 0.0357 | 5.1817 | 0.2665 | 9.9796 | 0.3854 | 12.2709 | 0.7633 | ||||||
36 h | 0.9395 | 0.1635 | 7.8958 | 0.5762 | 11.161 | 0.896 | ||||||||
40 h | 0.0492 | 0.0106 | 5.826 | 0.6339 | 10.5726 | 0.5108 | ||||||||
44 h | 2.8754 | 0.6275 | 9.223 | 0.8062 | ||||||||||
48 h | 0.3739 | 0.2448 | 6.6696 | 0.9045 | ||||||||||
52 h | 2.084 | 0.2658 | ||||||||||||
56 h | 0.3426 | 0.0693 |
5.pH
Figure 7. Effect of different initial pH on nitrification activity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria | ||||||||
pH= 6 ± 0.1 | pH= 7 ± 0.1 | pH= 8 ± 0.1 | ||||||
Time | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | ||
16 h | 10.69355 | 0.0453 | 11.29614 | 0.03461 | 11.47832 | 0.14832 | ||
24 h | 10.83707 | 0.02202 | 11.18866 | 0.1642 | 11.13492 | 0.11418 | ||
32 h | 10.72632 | 0.12216 | 11.29646 | 0.14479 | 10.7001 | 0.2885 | ||
40 h | 10.40454 | 0.0913 | 11.01008 | 0.0538 | 10.44255 | 0.2493 | ||
48 h | 10.15551 | 0.1065 | 10.57919 | 0.1616 | 9.92385 | 0.3018 | ||
56 h | 9.61879 | 0.09947 | 10.25578 | 0.10557 | 9.70922 | 0.23014 | ||
64 h | 9.08862 | 0.12853 | 9.76034 | 0.13511 | 9.3963 | 0.36643 | ||
72 h | 8.61513 | 0.13279 | 9.29636 | 0.15398 | 8.82582 | 0.50422 | ||
80 h | 7.8238 | 0.2233 | 8.68853 | 0.08788 | 8.49553 | 0.47216 | ||
88 h | 6.55899 | 0.23826 | 7.36081 | 0.11756 | 7.71436 | 0.46683 | ||
96 h | 5.80011 | 0.25742 | 6.49379 | 0.17621 | 6.86209 | 0.52847 | ||
104 h | 4.66342 | 0.37837 | 4.97765 | 0.12127 | 5.35873 | 0.60796 | ||
112 h | 3.63518 | 0.47493 | 3.29178 | 0.14686 | 3.58898 | 0.62995 | ||
120 h | 2.76554 | 0.50298 | 1.95371 | 0.08331 | 2.20575 | 0.49594 | ||
128 h | 1.82126 | 0.4821 | 0.97941 | 0.05271 | 1.08276 | 0.37668 | ||
132 h | 1.42891 | 0.45834 | 0.63811 | 0.04679 | 0.62513 | 0.22602 | ||
136 h | 1.12109 | 0.45525 | 0.39511 | 0.03788 | 0.39714 | 0.18289 | ||
140 h | 0.84578 | 0.42526 | 0.19916 | 0.03252 | 0.18891 | 0.09473 | ||
144 h | 0.64112 | 0.37481 | 0.09163 | 0.02371 | 0.09318 | 0.04984 |
6.light
Figure 8. Effect of different wavelength light on nitrification activity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria | ||||||||||
A, Change of NO2--N concentration under 660 ± 10 nm light | B, Change of NO3--N concentration under 660 ± 10 nm light | |||||||||
control | 660 ± 10 nm | control | 660 ± 10 nm | |||||||
Time | mean | SD | mean | SD | Time | mean | SD | mean | SD | |
0 h | 15.8750 | 0.1675 | 16.0801 | 0.1876 | 0 h | 11.8356 | 0.1005 | 11.9695 | 0.1458 | |
12 h | 14.2059 | 0.1470 | 14.4883 | 0.4765 | 12 h | 12.2245 | 0.2890 | 12.5440 | 0.3346 | |
24 h | 13.1285 | 0.5447 | 13.1285 | 1.2044 | 24 h | 13.1799 | 0.1978 | 13.0715 | 0.3707 | |
36 h | 12.3047 | 0.9427 | 12.2909 | 1.8623 | 36 h | 14.3616 | 0.2591 | 13.7217 | 0.5943 | |
48 h | 11.1887 | 1.4977 | 11.2188 | 2.7582 | 48 h | 14.4588 | 0.8885 | 14.3129 | 1.4728 | |
60 h | 10.1021 | 1.8288 | 10.2761 | 3.4236 | 60 h | 14.6811 | 1.1553 | 14.3273 | 1.9157 | |
72 h | 10.0087 | 2.1909 | 9.8413 | 3.9052 | 72 h | 14.8564 | 1.2510 | 15.1504 | 1.8284 | |
84 h | 9.4726 | 2.4687 | 9.2420 | 4.3704 | 84 h | 15.1377 | 1.2745 | 15.6102 | 2.0984 | |
96 h | 8.9946 | 2.5794 | 8.6849 | 4.8936 | 96 h | 15.2118 | 1.5744 | 15.6118 | 2.6446 | |
C, Change of NO2--N concentration under 550 ± 10 nm light | D, Change of NO3--N concentration under 550 ± 10 nm light | |||||||||
Control | 550 ± 10 nm | Control | 550 ± 10 nm | |||||||
Time | mean | SD | mean | SD | Time | mean | SD | mean | SD | |
0 h | 15.0552 | 0.0561 | 14.9720 | 0.1405 | 0 h | 7.7638 | 0.0775 | 7.7766 | 0.2917 | |
12 h | 14.0250 | 0.1389 | 14.9195 | 0.1553 | 12 h | 7.9623 | 0.3186 | 7.8714 | 0.1015 | |
24 h | 12.8467 | 0.3012 | 14.6325 | 0.4187 | 24 h | 7.9686 | 0.4333 | 7.5288 | 0.2025 | |
36 h | 11.3322 | 0.3199 | 14.4267 | 0.2995 | 36 h | 8.2850 | 0.5094 | 7.5662 | 0.2735 | |
48 h | 10.2607 | 0.2237 | 14.3238 | 0.3784 | 48 h | 8.6730 | 0.4372 | 7.9415 | 0.2513 | |
60 h | 9.0123 | 0.2680 | 13.9378 | 0.4925 | 60 h | 9.2945 | 0.3674 | 8.2069 | 0.1054 | |
72 h | 8.5945 | 0.9715 | 13.3218 | 0.3588 | 72 h | 10.3742 | 0.4217 | 8.3129 | 0.0738 | |
84 h | 7.0525 | 0.1804 | 12.8529 | 0.7016 | 84 h | 10.9846 | 0.2619 | 8.5623 | 0.1011 | |
96 h | 6.1465 | 0.4042 | 11.9774 | 0.4158 | 96 h | 11.7950 | 0.2967 | 8.9360 | 0.0325 | |
E, Change of NO2--N concentration under 410 ± 10 nm light | F, Change of NO3--N concentration under 410 ± 10 nm light | |||||||||
Control | 410 ± 10 nm | Control | 410 ± 10 nm | |||||||
Time | mean | SD | mean | SD | Time | mean | SD | mean | SD | |
0 h | 23.2692 | 0.1724 | 22.9842 | 0.1798 | 0 h | 15.3671 | 0.1000 | 15.2667 | 0.1725 | |
12 h | 23.1133 | 0.2874 | 23.1362 | 0.2684 | 12 h | 15.5568 | 0.0553 | 15.5162 | 0.1413 | |
24 h | 22.5031 | 0.3099 | 22.9147 | 0.3064 | 24 h | 15.7337 | 0.1517 | 15.6333 | 0.1652 | |
36 h | 21.7770 | 0.6799 | 23.0589 | 0.1526 | 36 h | 16.0500 | 0.0949 | 15.2835 | 0.3483 | |
48 h | 20.8969 | 0.4997 | 22.6250 | 0.6185 | 48 h | 16.4723 | 0.3875 | 15.9122 | 0.5265 | |
60 h | 19.5967 | 1.0611 | 22.6906 | 0.4457 | 60 h | 16.8445 | 0.4969 | 15.7624 | 0.7210 | |
72 h | 18.7670 | 0.8811 | 22.7974 | 0.4264 | 72 h | 17.1122 | 0.5810 | 15.9249 | 0.7985 | |
84 h | 17.6385 | 0.6534 | 22.8420 | 0.3023 | 84 h | 17.5018 | 1.3020 | 16.1560 | 1.1284 | |
96 h | 15.9897 | 1.0614 | 23.0176 | 0.1142 | 96 h | 18.3568 | 1.6480 | 15.6915 | 1.9397 |