Nginx配置支持https访问

什么是https？

HTTP：是互联网上应用最为广泛的一种网络协议，是一个客户端和服务器端请求和应答的标准（TCP），用于从WWW服务器传输超文本到本地浏览器的传输协议，它可以使浏览器更加高效，使网络传输减少。

HTTPS：全称：Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer，则是以安全为目标的HTTP通道，简单讲是HTTP的安全版，即HTTP下加入SSL层，HTTPS的安全基础是SSL，因此加密的详细内容就需要SSL。

HTTPS协议的主要作用可以分为两种：一种是建立一个信息安全通道，来保证数据传输的安全；另一种就是确认网站的真实性。

1，安装nginx依赖和模块，下载nginx并安装

[root@ c7-42 ~]yum -y install zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel wget
[root@ c7-42 ~] wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz #下载nginx源码包
[root@ c7-42 ~] tar -zxf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz #解压
[root@ c7-42 ~] cd nginx-1.14.2
[root@ c7-42 nginx-1.14.2] ./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module #检测环境，指定模块
[root@ c7-42 nginx-1.14.2] make &&  make install #编译 安装

2，检查Nginx的SSL模块

[root@ c7-42 nginx-1.14.2] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V  
nginx version: nginx/1.14.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module #指定的模块

3，准备私钥和证书

[root@ c7-42 nginx-1.14.2] cd /usr/local/nginx/
[root@ c7-42 nginx] mkdir -p ssl 
[root@ c7-42 nginx] cd ssl/
[root@ c7-42 ssl] openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024 #生成的私钥
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
.....................++++++
........++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for server.key: #123456
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for server.key: #123456

[root@ c7-42 ssl] ll #查看生成的私钥
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 963 Apr 26 15:59 server.key

4，签发证书

[root@ c7-42 ssl] openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
Enter pass phrase for server.key: #123456
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN #国家
State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ #省
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:BJ #市
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:#SDU
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: #BJ
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:##wjj 
Email Address []:xxxxxxxxxxx@qq.com #邮箱名称
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []: #回车即可
An optional company name []: #回车即可

5，删除私钥口令

[root@ c7-42 ~] cd /usr/local/nginx/ssl
[root@ c7-42 ssl] cp server.key server.key.ori #备份一下
[root@ c7-42 ssl] openssl rsa -in server.key.ori -out server.key
Enter pass phrase for server.key.ori:
writing RSA key

6，生成使用签名请求证书和私钥生成自签证书

[root@ c7-42 ssl] openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BJ/O=SDU/OU=BJ/CN=wjj/emailAddress=912126002@qq.com
Getting Private key

7,修改配置文件，添加子配置文件

[root@ c7-42 ssl] mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d #创建子配置文件目录
[root@ c7-42 ssl] cat> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf<<\EOF #修改配置文件
user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;
events {
        worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        sendfile        on;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
        include conf.d/*.conf;
}
EOF

8，启动，并查看进程

[root@ c7-42 ssl] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 
[root@ c7-42 ssl] ps  -ef|grep nginx
root       6789      1  0 16:13 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody     6872   6789  0 16:26 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root       6892   3804  0 16:36 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

9，创建子配置文件，重新加载启动

[root@ c7-42 ssl] cat >/usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/hack.conf<<\EOF
server {
     listen       443 ssl;
     server_name  www.hack.com;
     ssl on;
     ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/ssl/server.crt;
     ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/ssl/server.key;
 
     location / {
     #定义站点目录
         root   /usr/local/nginx/html;
        index index.php  index.html index.htm;
     }
 }
EOF
[root@ c7-42 ssl] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t #加载
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@ c7-42 ssl] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

10，绑定windows的hosts：

---

插入   10.0.0.42 www.hack.com

上传 hack.html 到/usr/local/nginx/html目录。
然后谷歌浏览器访问：https://www.hack.com/hack.html

---

此时，你会发现，http://www.hack.com/hack.html，浏览器访问不了了，需要进行rewrite跳转。

11，做rewrite跳转

---

以上配置有个不好的地方，如果用户忘了使用https或者443端口，那么网站将无法访问，因此需要将80端口的访问转到443端口并使用ssl加密访问。只需要增加一个server段，使用301永久重定向。

[root@ c7-42 ~] cat> /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/hack.conf\<<EOF
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.hack.com;
    rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent;
}

server {
    listen       443 ssl;
    server_name  www.hack.com;
    ssl on;
    ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/ssl/server.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/ssl/server.key;

    location / {
    #定义站点目录
        root   /usr/local/nginx/html;
        index index.php  index.html index.htm;
    }
}
EOF

[root@ c7-42 ~] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t #重新加载
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@ c7-42 ~] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload #重启

---

浏览器访问 http://www.hack.com/hack.html，nginx会将请求跳转到 https://www.hack.com/hack.html，详细可以查看nginx日志。