如果类的构造器或静态工厂中具有多个参数,设计这种类的时候,Builder模式就是一个不错的选择,特别是大多数参数都是可选的时候。与传统的重叠构造器模式相比,使用Builder模式的客户端代码将更加易于阅读和编写,构建器也比Javabean更加安全。
重叠构造器模式:提供一个只有必要参数的构造器,第二个构造器有一个可选参数,第三个构造器有两个可选参数,以此类推,最后一个构造器有所有的可选参数。只编写最后一个构造器,其他构造器依次调用比自己多一个可变参数的构造器,调用时将多出来的可变参数初始化默认值。
以下是一个构建器实例:
/* 实例化用法:
* NutritionFacts cocaCola = new NutritionFacts.Builder(240, 10).
* calories(100).sodium(35).carbohydrate(27).builder();
*/
public class NutritionFacts {
private final int servingSize;
private final int servings;
private final int calories; // 卡路里
private final int fat; // 脂肪
private final int sodium; // 钠
private final int carbohydrate; // 碳水化合物
public static class Builder {
// Required parameters
private final int servingSize;
private final int servings;
// Optional parameters
private int calories;
private int fat;
private int sodium;
private int carbohydrate;
public Builder(int servingSize, int servings) {
this.servingSize = servingSize;
this.servings = servings;
}
public Builder calories(int calories) {
this.calories = calories;
return this;
}
public Builder fat(int fat) {
this.fat = fat;
return this;
}
public Builder sodium(int sodium) {
this.sodium = sodium;
return this;
}
public Builder carbohydrate(int carbohydrate) {
this.carbohydrate = carbohydrate;
return this;
}
public NutritionFacts build() {
return new NutritionFacts(this);
}
}
private NutritionFacts(Builder builder) {
servingSize = builder.servingSize;
servings = builder.servings;
calories = builder.calories;
fat = builder.fat;
sodium = builder.sodium;
carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate;
}
}