对象的方法中一旦加入synchronized修饰,则任何时刻只能有一个线程访问synchronized修饰的方法。假设有个数据对象拥有写方法与读方法,多线程环境中要想保证数据的安全,需对该对象的读写方法都要加入 synchronized同步块。这样任何线程在写入时,其它线程无法读取与改变数据;如果有线程在读取时,其他线程也无法读取或写入。这种方式在写入操作远大于读操作时,问题不大,而当读取远远大于写入时,会造成性能瓶颈,因为此种情况下读取操作是可以同时进行的,而加锁操作限制了数据的并发读取。
ReadWriteLock解决了这个问题,当写操作时,其他线程无法读取或写入数据,而当读操作时,其它线程无法写入数据,但却可以读取数据
参考链接:http://zk1878.iteye.com/blog/1005160
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
public class ReadWriteLockDemo {
static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data = new Data();
/**
* 当写操作时,其他线程无法读取或写入数据
*/
Worker t1 = new Worker(data,false);
Worker t2 = new Worker(data,true);
t1.start();
t2.start();
/**
* 当读操作时,其它线程无法写入数据
*/
Worker t11 = new Worker(data,true);
Worker t22 = new Worker(data,false);
t11.start();
t22.start();
/**
* 当读操作时,其它线程无法写入数据,但却可以读取数据
*/
Worker t111 = new Worker(data,true);
Worker t222 = new Worker(data,true);
t111.start();
t222.start();
/**
* 当写操作时,其他线程无法写入数据
*/
Worker t1111 = new Worker(data,false);
Worker t2222 = new Worker(data,false);
t1111.start();
t2222.start();
}
static class Worker extends Thread {
Data data;
boolean read;
public Worker(Data data, boolean read) {
this.data = data;
this.read = read;
}
public void run() {
if (read)
data.get();
else
data.set();
}
}
static class Data {
ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
Lock read = lock.readLock();
Lock write = lock.writeLock();
public void set() {
write.lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().hashCode()
+ " set:begin " + sdf.format(new Date()));
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
//
} catch (Exception e) {
} finally {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().hashCode() + " set:end "
+ sdf.format(new Date()));
write.unlock();
}
}
public int get() {
read.lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().hashCode()
+ " get :begin " + sdf.format(new Date()));
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
//
} catch (Exception e) {
} finally {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().hashCode() + " get :end "
+ sdf.format(new Date()));
read.unlock();
}
return 1;
}
}
}
t1,t2的结果:当写操作时,其他线程无法读取或写入数据
277551759 set:begin 2017-05-27 13:57:52
277551759 set:end 2017-05-27 13:57:57
865037437 get :begin 2017-05-27 13:57:57
865037437 get :end 2017-05-27 13:58:02
t11,t22的结果:当读操作时,其它线程无法写入数据
477932229 get :begin 2017-05-27 13:59:36
477932229 get :end 2017-05-27 13:59:41
219913469 set:begin 2017-05-27 13:59:41
219913469 set:end 2017-05-27 13:59:46
t111,t222的结果: 当读操作时,其它线程可以读取数据
1018133023 get :begin 2017-05-27 14:00:58
612018265 get :begin 2017-05-27 14:00:58
1018133023 get :end 2017-05-27 14:01:03
612018265 get :end 2017-05-27 14:01:03
t1111,t2222的结果: 当写操作时,其他线程无法写入数据
612018265 set:begin 2017-05-27 14:01:49
612018265 set:end 2017-05-27 14:01:54
633831424 set:begin 2017-05-27 14:01:54
633831424 set:end 2017-05-27 14:01:59