DOM应用
文档对象模型(Document Object Model,DOM)是一种用于HTML和XML文档的编程接口。它给文档提供了一种结构化的表示方法,可以改变文档的内容和呈现方式。我们最为关心的是,DOM把网页和脚本以及其他的编程语言联系了起来。DOM属于浏览器,而不是JavaScript语言规范里的规定的核心内容。
一、查找元素
1、直接查找
document.getElementById 根据ID获取一个标签
document.getElementsByName 根据name属性获取标签集合
document.getElementsByClassName 根据class属性获取标签集合
document.getElementsByTagName 根据标签名获取标签集合
2、间接查找
parentNode // 父节点
childNodes // 所有子节点
firstChild // 第一个子节点
lastChild // 最后一个子节点
nextSibling // 下一个兄弟节点
previousSibling // 上一个兄弟节点
parentElement // 父节点标签元素
children // 所有子标签
firstElementChild // 第一个子标签元素
lastElementChild // 最后一个子标签元素
nextElementtSibling // 下一个兄弟标签元素
previousElementSibling // 上一个兄弟标签元素
二、操作
1、内容
innerText 文本
outerText
innerHTML HTML内容
innerHTML
value 值
2、属性
attributes // 获取所有标签属性
setAttribute(key,value) // 设置标签属性
getAttribute(key) // 获取指定标签属性
/*
var atr = document.createAttribute("class");
atr.nodeValue="democlass";
document.getElementById('n1').setAttributeNode(atr);
*/
demo
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head lang="en">
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title></title>
6 </head>
7 <body>
8 <input type="button" value="全选" onclick="CheckAll();"/>
9 <input type="button" value="取消" onclick="CancelAll();"/>
10 <input type="button" value="反选" onclick="ReverseCheck();"/>
11
12 <table border="1" >
13 <thead>
14
15 </thead>
16 <tbody id="tb">
17 <tr>
18 <td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
19 <td>111</td>
20 <td>222</td>
21 </tr>
22 <tr>
23 <td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
24 <td>111</td>
25 <td>222</td>
26 </tr>
27 <tr>
28 <td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
29 <td>111</td>
30 <td>222</td>
31 </tr>
32 <tr>
33 <td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
34 <td>111</td>
35 <td>222</td>
36 </tr>
37 </tbody>
38 </table>
39 <script>
40 function CheckAll(ths){
41 var tb = document.getElementById('tb');
42 var trs = tb.childNodes;
43 for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){
44
45 var current_tr = trs[i];
46 if(current_tr.nodeType==1){
47 var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName('input')[0];
48 inp.checked = true;
49 }
50 }
51 }
52
53 function CancelAll(ths){
54 var tb = document.getElementById('tb');
55 var trs = tb.childNodes;
56 for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){
57
58 var current_tr = trs[i];
59 if(current_tr.nodeType==1){
60 var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName('input')[0];
61 inp.checked = false;
62 }
63 }
64 }
65
66 function ReverseCheck(ths){
67 var tb = document.getElementById('tb');
68 var trs = tb.childNodes;
69 for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){
70 var current_tr = trs[i];
71 if(current_tr.nodeType==1){
72 var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName('input')[0];
73 if(inp.checked){
74 inp.checked = false;
75 }else{
76 inp.checked = true;
77 }
78 }
79 }
80 }
81
82 </script>
83 </body>
84 </html>
3、class操作
className // 获取所有类名
classList.remove(cls) // 删除指定类
classList.add(cls) // 添加类
4、标签操作
a.创建标签
// 方式一
var tag = document.createElement('a')
tag.innerText = "wupeiqi"
tag.className = "c1"
tag.href = "http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi"
// 方式二
var tag = "<a class='c1' href='http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi'>wupeiqi</a>"
b.操作标签
// 方式一
var obj = "<input type='text' />";
xxx.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeEnd",obj);
xxx.insertAdjacentElement('afterBegin',document.createElement('p'))
//注意:第一个参数只能是'beforeBegin'、 'afterBegin'、 'beforeEnd'、 'afterEnd'
// 方式二
var tag = document.createElement('a')
xxx.appendChild(tag)
xxx.insertBefore(tag,xxx[1])
5、样式操作
var obj = document.getElementById('i1')
obj.style.fontSize = "32px";
obj.style.backgroundColor = "red"
demo
1 <input onfocus="Focus(this);" onblur="Blur(this);" id="search" value="请输入关键字" style="color: gray;" />
2
3 <script>
4 function Focus(ths){
5 ths.style.color = "black";
6 if(ths.value == '请输入关键字' || ths.value.trim() == ""){
7
8 ths.value = "";
9 }
10 }
11
12 function Blur(ths){
13 if(ths.value.trim() == ""){
14 ths.value = '请输入关键字';
15 ths.style.color = 'gray';
16 }else{
17 ths.style.color = "black";
18 }
19 }
20 </script>
6、位置操作
总文档高度
document.documentElement.offsetHeight
当前文档占屏幕高度
document.documentElement.clientHeight
自身高度
tag.offsetHeight
距离上级定位高度
tag.offsetTop
父定位标签
tag.offsetParent
滚动高度
tag.scrollTop
/*
clientHeight -> 可见区域:height + padding
clientTop -> border高度
offsetHeight -> 可见区域:height + padding + border
offsetTop -> 上级定位标签的高度
scrollHeight -> 全文高:height + padding
scrollTop -> 滚动高度
特别的:
document.documentElement代指文档根节点
*/
demo
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head lang="en">
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title></title>
6 </head>
7 <body style="margin: 0;">
8 <div style="height: 900px;">
9
10 </div>
11 <div style="padding: 10px;">
12 <div id="i1" style="height:190px;padding: 2px;border: 1px solid red;margin: 8px;">
13 <p>asdf</p>
14 <p>asdf</p>
15 <p>asdf</p>
16 <p>asdf</p>
17 <p>asdf</p>
18 </div>
19 </div>
20
21 <script>
22 var i1 = document.getElementById('i1');
23
24 console.log(i1.clientHeight); // 可见区域:height + padding
25 console.log(i1.clientTop); // border高度
26 console.log('=====');
27 console.log(i1.offsetHeight); // 可见区域:height + padding + border
28 console.log(i1.offsetTop); // 上级定位标签的高度
29 console.log('=====');
30 console.log(i1.scrollHeight); //全文高:height + padding
31 console.log(i1.scrollTop); // 滚动高度
32 console.log('=====');
33
34 </script>
35 </body>
36 </html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<style>
body{
margin: 0px;
}
img {
border: 0;
}
ul{
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.clearfix:after {
content: ".";
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
}
.wrap{
width: 980px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.pg-header{
background-color: #303a40;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
-moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
}
.pg-header .logo{
float: left;
padding:5px 10px 5px 0px;
}
.pg-header .logo img{
vertical-align: middle;
width: 110px;
height: 40px;
}
.pg-header .nav{
line-height: 50px;
}
.pg-header .nav ul li{
float: left;
}
.pg-header .nav ul li a{
display: block;
color: #ccc;
padding: 0 20px;
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 14px;
}
.pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{
color: #fff;
background-color: #425a66;
}
.pg-body{
}
.pg-body .catalog{
position: absolute;
top:60px;
width: 200px;
background-color: #fafafa;
bottom: 0px;
}
.pg-body .catalog.fixed{
position: fixed;
top:10px;
}
.pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{
color: #fff;
background-color: #425a66;
}
.pg-body .content{
position: absolute;
top:60px;
width: 700px;
margin-left: 210px;
background-color: #fafafa;
overflow: auto;
}
.pg-body .content .section{
height: 500px;
}
</style>
<body onscroll="ScrollEvent();">
<div class="pg-header">
<div class="wrap clearfix">
<div class="logo">
<a href="#">
<img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn">
</a>
</div>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#">首页</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">功能一</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">功能二</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pg-body">
<div class="wrap">
<div class="catalog">
<div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div>
<div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div>
<div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<div menu="function1" class="section">
<h1>第一章</h1>
</div>
<div menu="function2" class="section">
<h1>第二章</h1>
</div>
<div menu="function3" class="section">
<h1>第三章</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
function ScrollEvent(){
var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop;
if(bodyScrollTop>50){
document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.add('fixed');
}else{
document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.remove('fixed');
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Demo-滚动固定
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<style>
body{
margin: 0px;
}
img {
border: 0;
}
ul{
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
}
h1{
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.clearfix:after {
content: ".";
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
}
.wrap{
width: 980px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.pg-header{
background-color: #303a40;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
-moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
}
.pg-header .logo{
float: left;
padding:5px 10px 5px 0px;
}
.pg-header .logo img{
vertical-align: middle;
width: 110px;
height: 40px;
}
.pg-header .nav{
line-height: 50px;
}
.pg-header .nav ul li{
float: left;
}
.pg-header .nav ul li a{
display: block;
color: #ccc;
padding: 0 20px;
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 14px;
}
.pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{
color: #fff;
background-color: #425a66;
}
.pg-body{
}
.pg-body .catalog{
position: absolute;
top:60px;
width: 200px;
background-color: #fafafa;
bottom: 0px;
}
.pg-body .catalog.fixed{
position: fixed;
top:10px;
}
.pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{
color: #fff;
background-color: #425a66;
}
.pg-body .content{
position: absolute;
top:60px;
width: 700px;
margin-left: 210px;
background-color: #fafafa;
overflow: auto;
}
.pg-body .content .section{
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid red;
}
</style>
<body onscroll="ScrollEvent();">
<div class="pg-header">
<div class="wrap clearfix">
<div class="logo">
<a href="#">
<img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn">
</a>
</div>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#">首页</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">功能一</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">功能二</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pg-body">
<div class="wrap">
<div class="catalog" id="catalog">
<div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div>
<div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div>
<div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div>
</div>
<div class="content" id="content">
<div menu="function1" class="section">
<h1>第一章</h1>
</div>
<div menu="function2" class="section">
<h1>第二章</h1>
</div>
<div menu="function3" class="section">
<h1>第三章</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
function ScrollEvent(){
var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop;
if(bodyScrollTop>50){
document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.add('fixed');
}else{
document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.remove('fixed');
}
var content = document.getElementById('content');
var sections = content.children;
for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){
var current_section = sections[i];
// 当前标签距离顶部绝对高度
var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60;
// 当前标签距离顶部,相对高度
var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop;
// 当前标签高度
var height = current_section.scrollHeight;
if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){
// 当前标签添加active
// 其他移除 active
var menus = document.getElementById('catalog').children;
var current_menu = menus[i];
current_menu.classList.add('active');
for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){
if(menus[j] == current_menu){
}else{
menus[j].classList.remove('active');
}
}
break;
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Demo-滚动菜单
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head lang="en">
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title></title>
6 </head>
7 <style>
8
9 body{
10 margin: 0px;
11 }
12 img {
13 border: 0;
14 }
15 ul{
16 padding: 0;
17 margin: 0;
18 list-style: none;
19 }
20 h1{
21 padding: 0;
22 margin: 0;
23 }
24 .clearfix:after {
25 content: ".";
26 display: block;
27 height: 0;
28 clear: both;
29 visibility: hidden;
30 }
31
32 .wrap{
33 width: 980px;
34 margin: 0 auto;
35 }
36
37 .pg-header{
38 background-color: #303a40;
39 -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
40 -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
41 box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
42 }
43 .pg-header .logo{
44 float: left;
45 padding:5px 10px 5px 0px;
46 }
47 .pg-header .logo img{
48 vertical-align: middle;
49 width: 110px;
50 height: 40px;
51
52 }
53 .pg-header .nav{
54 line-height: 50px;
55 }
56 .pg-header .nav ul li{
57 float: left;
58 }
59 .pg-header .nav ul li a{
60 display: block;
61 color: #ccc;
62 padding: 0 20px;
63 text-decoration: none;
64 font-size: 14px;
65 }
66 .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{
67 color: #fff;
68 background-color: #425a66;
69 }
70 .pg-body{
71
72 }
73 .pg-body .catalog{
74 position: absolute;
75 top:60px;
76 width: 200px;
77 background-color: #fafafa;
78 bottom: 0px;
79 }
80 .pg-body .catalog.fixed{
81 position: fixed;
82 top:10px;
83 }
84
85 .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{
86 color: #fff;
87 background-color: #425a66;
88 }
89
90 .pg-body .content{
91 position: absolute;
92 top:60px;
93 width: 700px;
94 margin-left: 210px;
95 background-color: #fafafa;
96 overflow: auto;
97 }
98 .pg-body .content .section{
99 height: 500px;
100 border: 1px solid red;
101 }
102 </style>
103 <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();">
104 <div class="pg-header">
105 <div class="wrap clearfix">
106 <div class="logo">
107 <a href="#">
108 <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn">
109 </a>
110 </div>
111 <div class="nav">
112 <ul>
113 <li>
114 <a href="#">首页</a>
115 </li>
116 <li>
117 <a href="#">功能一</a>
118 </li>
119 <li>
120 <a href="#">功能二</a>
121 </li>
122 </ul>
123 </div>
124
125 </div>
126 </div>
127 <div class="pg-body">
128 <div class="wrap">
129 <div class="catalog" id="catalog">
130 <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div>
131 <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div>
132 <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div>
133 </div>
134 <div class="content" id="content">
135 <div menu="function1" class="section">
136 <h1>第一章</h1>
137 </div>
138 <div menu="function2" class="section">
139 <h1>第二章</h1>
140 </div>
141 <div menu="function3" class="section" style="height: 200px;">
142 <h1>第三章</h1>
143 </div>
144 </div>
145 </div>
146
147 </div>
148 <script>
149 function ScrollEvent(){
150 var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop;
151 if(bodyScrollTop>50){
152 document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.add('fixed');
153 }else{
154 document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.remove('fixed');
155 }
156
157 var content = document.getElementById('content');
158 var sections = content.children;
159 for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){
160 var current_section = sections[i];
161
162 // 当前标签距离顶部绝对高度
163 var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60;
164
165 // 当前标签距离顶部,相对高度
166 var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop;
167
168 // 当前标签高度
169 var height = current_section.scrollHeight;
170
171 if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){
172 // 当前标签添加active
173 // 其他移除 active
174
175 // 如果已经到底部,现实第三个菜单
176 // 文档高度 = 滚动高度 + 视口高度
177
178 var a = document.getElementsByClassName('content')[0].offsetHeight + 60;
179 var b = bodyScrollTop + document.documentElement.clientHeight;
180 console.log(a+60,b);
181 if(a == b){
182 var menus = document.getElementById('catalog').children;
183 var current_menu = document.getElementById('catalog').lastElementChild;
184 current_menu.classList.add('active');
185 for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){
186 if(menus[j] == current_menu){
187
188 }else{
189 menus[j].classList.remove('active');
190 }
191 }
192 }else{
193 var menus = document.getElementById('catalog').children;
194 var current_menu = menus[i];
195 current_menu.classList.add('active');
196 for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){
197 if(menus[j] == current_menu){
198
199 }else{
200 menus[j].classList.remove('active');
201 }
202 }
203 }
204
205
206
207
208 break;
209 }
210
211 }
212
213
214 }
215 </script>
216 </body>
217 </html>
218
219 Demo-滚动高度
7、提交表单
document.geElementById('form').submit()
8、其他操作
console.log 输出框
alert 弹出框
confirm 确认框
// URL和刷新
location.href 获取URL
location.href = "url" 重定向
location.reload() 重新加载
// 定时器
setInterval 多次定时器
clearInterval 清除多次定时器
setTimeout 单次定时器
clearTimeout 清除单次定时器
对于事件需要注意的要点:
this
event
事件链以及跳出
this标签当前正在操作的标签,event封装了当前事件的内容。
实例:
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head>
4 <meta charset='utf-8' />
5 <title></title>
6
7 <style>
8 .gray{
9 color:gray;
10 }
11 .black{
12 color:black;
13 }
14 </style>
15 <script type="text/javascript">
16 function Enter(){
17 var id= document.getElementById("tip")
18 id.className = 'black';
19 if(id.value=='请输入关键字'||id.value.trim()==''){
20 id.value = ''
21 }
22 }
23 function Leave(){
24 var id= document.getElementById("tip")
25 var val = id.value;
26 if(val.length==0||id.value.trim()==''){
27 id.value = '请输入关键字'
28 id.className = 'gray';
29 }else{
30 id.className = 'black';
31 }
32 }
33 </script>
34 </head>
35 <body>
36 <input type='text' class='gray' id='tip' value='请输入关键字' onfocus='Enter();' onblur='Leave();'/>
37 </body>
38 </html>
39
40 搜索框
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' >
<title>欢迎blue shit莅临指导 </title>
<script type='text/javascript'>
function Go(){
var content = document.title;
var firstChar = content.charAt(0)
var sub = content.substring(1,content.length)
document.title = sub + firstChar;
}
setInterval('Go()',1000);
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
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