12.枚举类

概述

如何定义枚举类？

枚举类：一个类中的对象是有限的、可数多个的。如果一个枚举类的对象只有一个，那么可以看做单实例的实现方式。

1.自定义枚举类

public class EnumTest{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season season = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(season);

        Season autumn = Season.AUTUMN;
        System.out.println(autumn.getSEASONNAME());
        System.out.println(autumn.getSEASONDESC());
    }
}


 class Season {
 
 1.给对象声明，要求属性声明为：private final
    private final String SEASONNAME;
    private final String SEASONDESC;

 2.私有化构造器，并给常量赋值
    private Season(String SEASONNAME,String SEASONDESC){
        this.SEASONNAME = SEASONNAME;
        this.SEASONDESC = SEASONDESC;
    }

 3.提供当前枚举类的对象。声明为：public static final
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","白雪皑皑");

    public String getSEASONNAME() {
        return SEASONNAME;
    }

    public String getSEASONDESC() {
        return SEASONDESC;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "SEASONNAME='" + SEASONNAME + '\'' +
                ", SEASONDESC='" + SEASONDESC + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

2.使用enum关键字定义枚举类

public class EnumTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season season = Season.WINTER;
        System.out.println(season);

        Season spring = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring.getSEASONNAME());
        System.out.println(spring.getSEASONDESC());
    }
}


enum Season {
	1.枚举类的对象要放在开头。原来定义对象格式：
	public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
	把上面相同格式去掉，如：public static final Season，= new Season。
	后面的是实例化对象的构造器：("春天","春暖花开")，如果是无参构造器则是SPRING。
	对象之间用逗号隔开，最后一个用分号。
	
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN ("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","白雪皑皑");

    2.定义属性 private final
    private final String SEASONNAME;
    private final String SEASONDESC;

    3.私有化构造器（private可以省略），并给常量赋值
    private Season(String SEASONNAME,String SEASONDESC){
        this.SEASONNAME = SEASONNAME;
        this.SEASONDESC = SEASONDESC;
    }


    public String getSEASONNAME() {
        return SEASONNAME;
    }

    public String getSEASONDESC() {
        return SEASONDESC;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "SEASONNAME='" + SEASONNAME + '\'' +
                ", SEASONDESC='" + SEASONDESC + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

枚举类主要方法

• values()：返回枚举类型的对象数组，
• valueOf()：把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象，要求字符串必须是枚举类对象的名字，否则会报：IllegalArgumentException异常。

例：

public class EnumTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.values()方法
        Season[] seasons = Season.values();
        for (int i=0;i<seasons.length;i++){
            System.out.println(seasons[i]);
        }
        //2.valueOf()方法
        Season season = Season.valueOf("SPRING");
        System.out.println(season);

    }
}


enum Season {
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN ("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","白雪皑皑");

    private final String SEASONNAME;
    private final String SEASONDESC;

    private Season(String SEASONNAME,String SEASONDESC){
        this.SEASONNAME = SEASONNAME;
        this.SEASONDESC = SEASONDESC;
    }

    public String getSEASONNAME() {
        return SEASONNAME;
    }

    public String getSEASONDESC() {
        return SEASONDESC;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "SEASONNAME='" + SEASONNAME + '\'' +
                ", SEASONDESC='" + SEASONDESC + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

枚举类对象分别实现接口

由枚举类统一实现接口

interface Thread{
    void show();
}

enum State implements Thread{
    START,
    RUNNING,
    STOP;
    @Override
    public void show() {//统一实现接口的方法

    }
}

分别由不同的对象实现接口

interface Thread{
    void show();
}

enum State implements Thread{
    START("线程启动"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("线程正在启动。");
        }
    },
    RUNNING("线程运行"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("线程正在运行。");
        }
    },
    STOP("线程停止"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("线程停止。");
        }
    };
    
    public final String DESC;
    
    private State(String DESC){
        this.DESC = DESC;
    }
}